Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Friday, October 21, 2011

Neural stem cell deforestation as the main force driving the age-related decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Deforestation is such a great word because it implies that we should be able to seed new neurons if we can figure out the best growth factors.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432811007285

Abstract

Newborn neurons derived from radial glia-like stem cells located in the dentate gyrus integrate into the adult hippocampal circuitry and participate in memory formation, spatial learning, pattern separation, fear conditioning, and anxiety. This process takes place throughout the life span of mammals, including humans; however, it follows a sharp declining curve. New neurons are generated abundantly during youth but very scarcely in the aged brain. The absolute number of newly generated neurons, or neurogenic output, is determined at different levels along the neurogenic cascade: the activation of quiescent stem cells; the mitotic potential of proliferating precursors; and the survival of neuronal fate-committed precursors. A continuous depletion of the hippocampal neural stem cell pool has been recently proposed as the main force underlying the age-related decline of neurogenesis, in contrast to the previous view of population of neural stem cells whose number remains constant but loses its ability to bear fruit. Nevertheless, the diminished neurogenic output may be reflecting other phenomena such as decreased mitotic capability of proliferating progenitors, decreased survival or changes in differentiation. We describe herein the most important events in determining the amount of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and examine the literature to understand the effects of age throughout the cascade.

Highlights

► The adult hippocampal neurogenic output is determined at different levels. ► The neurogenic output declines with age. ► A depletion of activated neural stem cells explains the age-related neurogenic decline. ► Two hypotheses, “deforestation” versus “sterilization” might explain the depletion.
Abbreviations: ANPs, amplifying neural progenitors; BLBP, brain lipid binding protein; BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine; DG, dentate gyrus; FGF-2, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFP, green fluorescent protein; IGF-1, Insulin Growth Factor 1; NBs, neuroblasts; NMDA, N-acetyl-d-aspartate; OB, olfactory bulb; PSA-NCAM, polysialated neural cell adhesion protein; QNPs, quiescent neural progenitors; RMS, rostral migratory stream; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SGZ, subgranular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone; TERC, telomerase RNA component; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Keywords: Adult neurogenesis; Neural stem cells; Hippocampus; Aging; Astrocytes

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