Short-chain fatty acids: Important components of the gut-brain axis against AD

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Short-chain fatty acids: Important components of the gut-brain axis against AD

Yan Huang, Yi Feng Wang, Jing Miao, Rui Fang Zheng, Jin Yao Li,

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School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China

^b

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medical Research, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi 830004, China

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College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China

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Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830004, China

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116601Get rights and content

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises a group of neurodegenerative disorders with some changes in the brain, which could lead to the deposition of certain proteins and result in the degeneration and death of brain cells. Patients with AD manifest primarily as cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms, and behavioural disorders. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) produced by gut microorganisms through the fermentation of dietary fibre ingested. SCFAs, as a significant mediator of signalling, can have diverse physiological and pathological roles in the brain through the gut-brain axis, and play a positive effect on AD via multiple pathways. Firstly, differences in SCFAs and microbial changes have been stated in AD cases of humans and mice in this paper. And then, mechanisms of three main SCFAs in treating with AD have been summarized, as well as differences of gut bacteria. Finally, functions of SCFAs played in regulating intestinal flora homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and the metabolic system, which were considered to be beneficial for the treatment of AD, have been elucidated, and the key roles of gut bacteria and SCFAs were pointed out. All in all, this paper provides an overview of SCFAs and gut bacteria in AD, and can help people to understand the importance of gut-brain axis in AD.

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