Effect of 710nm Visible Light Irradiation on Neurite Outgrowth in Primary Rat Cortical Neurons following Ischemic Insult

Not sure that this really helps us at all  Meaning of In vitro (Latin: within glass) refers to studies in experimental biology that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological contex.  In vivo is what we need.  Can't quite figure out how this would be done to live humans.
 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X12008364

Abstract

Objective

We previously reported that 710nm Light-emitting Diode (LED) has a protective effect through cellular immunity activation in the stroke animal model. However, whether LED directly protects neurons suffering from neurodegeneration was entirely unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of 710nm visible light irradiation on neuronal protection and neuronal outgrowth in an in vitro stroke model.

Materials &methods

Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation and normal conditions. An LED array with a peak wavelength of 710 nm was placed beneath the covered culture dishes with the room light turned off and were irradiated accordingly. LED treatments (4 min at 4 J/cm² and 50 mW/cm²) were given once to four times within 8 hours at 2 hr intervals for 7 days. Mean neurite density, mean neurite diameter, and total fiber length were also measured after microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunostaining using the Axiovision program. Synaptic marker expression and MAPK activation were confirmed by Western blotting.

Results

Images captured after MAP2 immunocytochemistry showed significant (p<0.05) enhancement of post-ischemic neurite outgrowth with LED treatment once and twice a day. MAPK activation was enhanced by LED treatment in both OGD-exposed and normal cells. The levels of synaptic markers such as PSD 95, GAP 43, and synaptophysin significantly increased with LED treatment in both OGD-exposed and normal cells (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that LED treatment may promote synaptogenesis through MAPK activation and subsequently protect cell death in the in vitro stroke model.

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Highlights

► 710nm wavelength light (LED) has a protective effect in the stroke animal model. ► We determined the effects of LED irradiation in vitro stroke model. ► LED treatment promotes the neurite outgrowth through MAPK activation. ► The level of synaptic markers significantly increased with LED treatment. ► LED treatment protects cell death in the in vitro stroke model.