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http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.3212.html
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus involves activation of
quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) to yield transiently amplifying
NSCs, progenitors, and, ultimately, neurons that affect learning and
memory. This process is tightly controlled by microenvironmental cues,
although a few endogenous factors are known to regulate neuronal
differentiation. Astrocytes have been implicated, but their role in
juxtacrine (that is, cell-cell contact dependent) signaling in NSC
niches has not been investigated. We found that ephrin-B2 presented from
rodent hippocampal astrocytes regulated neurogenesis
in vivo.
Furthermore, clonal analysis in NSC fate-mapping studies revealed a
previously unknown role for ephrin-B2 in instructing neuronal
differentiation. In addition, ephrin-B2 signaling, transduced by EphB4
receptors on NSCs, activated β-catenin
in vitro and
in vivo independently of Wnt signaling and upregulated proneural transcription factors. Ephrin-B2
+
astrocytes therefore promote neuronal differentiation of adult NSCs
through juxtacrine signaling, findings that advance our understanding of
adult neurogenesis and may have future regenerative medicine
implications.
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