A Model of Persistent Learned Nonuse Following Focal Ischemia in Rats

I disagree that they even know what learned non-use is.  They haven't proved that the problem is that the area of the brain has the ability and that ability disappears. Or, is it from a dead area that has no ability to move  and thus wrongly assign non-use as the problem. This is an incredibly easy statement for therapists to use to deflect blame for not recovering back onto the patient rather than having a detailed enough diagnosis to know what is easily recoverable vs. not easily recoverable.
http://nnr.sagepub.com/content/27/9/900.abstract?etoc

1. Crystal L. MacLellan, MScPT, PhD1
2. Kristopher D. Langdon, PhD2,3
3. Alex Botsford, BSc2
4. Stephanie Butt, BSc2
5. Dale Corbett, PhD2,3,4,5

1. ¹University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
2. ²Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NF, Canada
3. ³Heart and Stroke Foundation Centre for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
4. ⁴University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
5. ⁵University of Toronto, ON, Canada

1. Crystal L. MacLellan, MScPT, PhD, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, 2-50 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada. Email: clmac@ualberta.ca

Abstract

Background. After hemiplegic stroke, people often rely on their unaffected limb to complete activities of daily living. A component of residual motor dysfunction involves learned suppression of movement, termed learned nonuse. 

Objective. To date, no rodent stroke model of persistent learned nonuse has been described that can facilitate understanding of this phenomenon and test interventions to overcome it.  

Methods. Rats were trained in the staircase skilled-reaching and limb use asymmetry (cylinder) tasks. Endothelin-1 was injected into the cortex and striatum to create focal ischemia. Starting 7 days poststroke, half of the rats (ipsilateral training; n = 15) were trained to reach for food reward pellets in the tray-reaching task with the ipsilateral forelimb. Training lasted 20 days. Rats in the control group (control; n = 15) did not receive training. All rats then remained in their home cages for an additional 30 days. Performance on the cylinder and staircase tasks was assessed ~2 months poststroke.  

Results. Ischemia caused significant functional impairments in all rats. Significant contralateral forelimb skilled-reaching recovery was evident in the control group at 2 months but not the ipsilateral training group. There was no difference in performance in the cylinder task. Similarly, the volume of brain injury (~66 mm³) was similar between groups. Ipsilateral forelimb training reduced poststroke motor recovery. Conclusion. This rodent model of persistent nonuse after stroke may be used to further understand mechanisms of learned nonuse as well as to evaluate pharmacological and rehabilitation treatments to overcome it.