636,120 Ways to Have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

And stroke is one of them. Is your doctor diagnosing you with this? Does your doctor even know about this?
1.  PTSD May Be Barrier to Stroke Recovery
2.  Prevalence of PTSD in Survivors of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Meta-Analytic Review 
 Check out yourself here;
1.  Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
2.  POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SELF-TEST


636,120 Ways to Have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1. Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy1
2. Richard A. Bryant2

1. ¹New York University School of Medicine
2. ²University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia

1. Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy, New York University School of Medicine, 1 Park Ave, New York, NY 10016 E-mail: isaac.gl@gmail.com

Abstract

In an attempt to capture the variety of symptoms that emerge following traumatic stress, the revision of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) has expanded to include additional symptom presentations. One consequence of this expansion is that it increases the amorphous nature of the classification. Using a binomial equation to elucidate possible symptom combinations, we demonstrate that the DSM–IV criteria listed for PTSD have a high level of symptom profile heterogeneity (79,794 combinations); the changes result in an eightfold expansion in the DSM–5, to 636,120 combinations. In this article, we use the example of PTSD to discuss the limitations of DSM-based diagnostic entities for classification in research by elucidating inherent flaws that are either specific artifacts from the history of the DSM or intrinsic to the underlying logic of the DSM’s method of classification. We discuss new directions in research that can provide better information regarding both clinical and nonclinical behavioral heterogeneity in response to potentially traumatic and common stressful life events. These empirical alternatives to an a priori classification system hold promise for answering questions about why diversity occurs in response to stressors.