Thursday, February 6, 2014

Getting Old Neural Stem Cells to Make Young Neurons Again

What is your doctor doing to get this into human clinical trials?
http://www.biosciencetechnology.com/articles/2014/02/getting-old-neural-stem-cells-make-young-neurons-again?
A couple of paragraphs from here.
When the neural stem cells in our brains get older, they create far fewer neurons.  This plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases from Alzheimer’s to Parkinson’s.
It also plays a role in our increasingly deficient ability to simply find those car keys.
New research is changing that paradigm. Among others, a team from Japan’s Keio University, and the Riken national research institute, reports this month in Proceedings of the National Academies of  Science they used embryonic mice to find a micro-RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecule that controls neuron making at that young age. When they applied knowledge they gain from that embryonic stage to older neural stem cells (NSCs) that had stopped making neurons, those cells produced neurons again. The mechanism is believed to exist in humans as well.
Senior Author Hideyuki Okano tells Bioscience Technology: “We observed the neurogenic-to-gliogenic switching in developing NSCs.”  That is, Okano and his team examined embryonic NSCs for the proportion of neurons they produced—versus supporting glial cells. They found, as other have, that the developing embryo creates neurons first, then switches over to making glial cells. The team isolated the microRNA-17/106-p38 axis responsible for that initial switch in embryonic development.

When they turned on and off this embryonic pathway in older, post-natal NSCs in the Petri dish, they persuaded older post-natal NSCs to switch from glial cell-producing to neuron-producing.

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