Molecular regulation of dendritic spine dynamics and their potential impact on synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415301068

• Panchanan Maiti^{a, d, ,} ,
• Jayeeta Manna^b, ,
• G. Ilavazhagan^c, ,
• Julien Rossignol^{d, e,} ,
• Gary L. Dunbar^{a, d,}

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doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.020

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Highlights

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Basic understanding and recent advances of molecular signaling mechanism involved in dendritic spines dynamics.

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Mechanistic details of the dendritic spine anomalies, and their potential impact on psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases.

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Different strategies to restore the dendritic spines structure-functions in brain diseases.

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Abstract

The structure and dynamics of dendritic spines reflects the strength of synapses, which are severely affected in different brain diseases. Therefore, understanding the ultra-structure, molecular signaling mechanism(s) regulating dendritic spine dynamics is crucial. Although, since last century, dynamics of spine have been explored by several investigators in different neurological diseases, but despite countless efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental etiology and molecular signaling pathways involved in spine pathology is lacking. The purpose of this review is to provide a contextual framework of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dendritic spine signaling, as well as their potential impact on different neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, as a format for highlighting some commonalities in function, as well as providing a format for new insights and perspectives into this critical area of research. Additionally, the potential strategies to restore spine structure-function in different diseases are also pointed out. Overall, these informations should help researchers to design new drugs to restore the structure-function of dendritic spine, a “hot site” of synaptic plasticity.