http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341530049X
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Highlights
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- Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis can result in cognitive impairment.
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- Neuroinflammation is a potent inhibitor of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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- Neuroinflammation also contributes to cognitive decline.
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- Exercise has potent pro-neurogenic and pro-cognitive effects.
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- Exercise may also have an anti-inflammatory effects.
Abstract
Adult
hippocampal neurogenesis is believed to be integral for certain forms
of learning and memory. Dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis has
been shown to be an important mechanism underlying the cognitive
impairment associated with normal aging, as well as the cognitive
deficits evident in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease and other
neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a significant
pathological feature of these conditions; it contributes to the observed
cognitive decline, and recent evidence demonstrates that it also
negatively affects hippocampal neurogenesis. Conversely, during the past
twenty years, it has been robustly shown that exercise is a potent
inducer of hippocampal neurogenesis, and it is believed that the
positive beneficial effect of exercise on cognitive function is likely
due to its pro-neurogenic effects. However, the interplay between
exercise- and neuroinflammatory-induced changes in hippocampal
neurogenesis and associated cognitive function has only recently begun
to receive attention. Here we review the current literature on
exercise-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, cognitive function
and neuroinflammation, and consider exercise as a potential
pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention for cognition.
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