Poststroke Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A Review

And why was this review needed? This from June 2013 was not good enough? Or didn't you even know about it?

23% chance of stroke survivors getting PTSD.

http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/48/2/507?etoc=

Andrew L.A. Garton, Jonathan A. Sisti, Vivek P. Gupta, Brandon R. Cristophe, E. Sander Connolly

https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015234

Stroke. 2017;48:507-512

Originally published December 8, 2016

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Introduction

Despite a recent decline in mortality,¹ cerebrovascular disease (stroke) remains the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the leading preventable cause of disability.² Furthermore, quality of life (QOL) after stroke depends on more than retention of physical functioning and ability.³ Psychological health and well-being are known to associate with QOL outcomes,⁴ for example, an estimated 30% of stroke survivors develop depression.⁵ Although poststroke depression (PSD) is a well-researched and established phenomenon,^6–8 far less is known about the development of poststroke post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).⁹ Researchers have hypothesized that acute medical conditions such as asthma attack¹⁰ and myocardial infarction¹¹ can precipitate PTSD, but PTSD specifically after a stroke has only been formally conceptualized for <2 decades.¹² Despite the relative paucity of research on post-stroke PTSD, this article attempts to consolidate what is currently known: elaborating on the construct of poststroke PTSD, weighing the conflicting prevalence reports in the literature, exploring identified or hypothesized pre-morbid and post-morbid predicting factors, and summarizing promising future directions for research. Identifying gaps or conflicting findings may facilitate future studies to identify risk factors for poststroke PTSD and establish a more efficacious management strategy.

Epidemiology

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in adults.² With estimated prevalence rates of 20% to 65%, depression is a pervasive consequence of stroke that has been linked to cognitive deficits including memory, nonverbal problem solving, attention, and psychomotor speed.¹³ Likewise, depressive symptoms experienced up to 12 months after hospitalization for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are tightly associated with QOL, more so than both demographic variables and hemorrhage severity.¹⁴ But PSD is not the only mental health outcome that may follow stroke; poststroke PTSD has similarly been shown to impact mental health and …

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