The Relation of Hypertension to Performance in Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall and Working Memory in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

You'll have to ask your doctor SPECIFICALLY how to create cognitive reserve and how to measure if you have enough to survive another stroke and prevent dementia, Not just general blathering statements. SPECIFICS.

The Relation of Hypertension to Performance in Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall and Working Memory in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve  

Show all authors

Andreas Ihle, PhD, Élvio R. Gouveia, PhD, Bruna R. Gouveia, PhD, Duarte L. Freitas, PhD, Jefferson Jurema, PhD, Floramara T. Machado, BSc, Matthias Kliegel, PhD

First Published May 15, 2017

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the relation of hypertension to cognitive performance and its interplay with key markers of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults.  
Method: We assessed tests of immediate and delayed cued recall and working memory in 701 older adults. We measured systolic blood pressure and interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity.
Results: Hypertension (≥140 mmHg) was related to lower performance in all three cognitive measures. Moderation analyses suggested that these relations were reduced in individuals with greater engaging in cognitive leisure activity. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that hypertension was not related to any of the three investigated cognitive performance measures when education, cognitive level of job, and cognitive leisure activity were simultaneously taken into account.
Discussion: The detrimental influences of hypertension on cognitive functioning in old age may be reduced in individuals with greater cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course.