http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295217304392
Abstract
Adult
neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons from neural stem
cells (NSCs) for integration into the brain circuitry. Neurogenesis
occurs throughout life in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of
the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal
dentate gyrus. However, during aging, NSCs and their progenitors
exhibit reduced proliferation and neuron production, which is thought to
contribute to age-related cognitive impairment and reduced plasticity
that is necessary for some types of brain repair. In this review, we
describe NSCs and their niches during tissue homeostasis and how they
undergo age-associated remodeling and dysfunction. We also discuss some
of the functional ramifications in the brain from NSC aging. Finally, we
discuss some recent insights from interventions in NSC aging that could
eventually translate into therapies for healthy brain aging.
Graphical abstract
During
aging, the V-SVZ and hippocampus lose neural stem (green) and
progenitor cells (blue = TACs; yellow = neuroblasts). Interventions
targeting the neurogenic niche can restore neurogenesis in the aged
brain.
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