Monocyte depletion early after stroke promotes neurogenesis from endogenous neural stem cells in adult brain

This would seem to be very important for our 100% recovery. You better save up your money to hire researchers to accomplish this as a stroke protocol.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014488617301863

• Cecilia Laterza^a,
• Somsak Wattananit^a,
• Naomi Uoshima^{a, b},
• Ruimin Ge^a,
• Daniel Tornero^a,
• Emanuela Monni^a,
• Olle Lindvall^a,
• Zaal Kokaia^{a, ,}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.012

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Highlights

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Depletion of circulating monocytes after stroke enhances striatal neurogenesis

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Infiltrating monocytes compromise survival of newly generated neuroblasts

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Depletion of circulating monocytes after stroke attenuates reactive gliosis

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Infiltrating monocytes do not affect neurogenesis from grafted human NSPCs

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Abstract

Ischemic stroke, caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion, leads to long-lasting formation of new striatal neurons from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rodents. Concomitantly with this neurogenic response, SVZ exhibits activation of resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes. Here we show that depletion of circulating monocytes, using the anti-CCR2 antibody MC-21 during the first week after stroke, enhances striatal neurogenesis at one week post-insult, most likely by increasing short-term survival of the newly formed neuroblasts in the SVZ and adjacent striatum. Blocking monocyte recruitment did not alter the volume of the ischemic lesion but gave rise to reduced astrocyte activation in SVZ and adjacent striatum, which could contribute to the improved neuroblast survival. A similar decrease of astrocyte activation was found in and around human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NSPCs transplanted into striatum at one week after stroke in monocyte-depleted mice. However, there was no effect on neurogenesis in the graft as determined 8 weeks after implantation. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that a specific cellular component of the early inflammatory reaction in SVZ and adjacent striatum following stroke, i.e., infiltrating monocytes, compromises the short-term neurogenic response neurogenesis from endogenous NSPCs.

Abbreviations

• GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein;
• iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells;
• MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion;
• MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1;
• MDMs, monocyte-derived macrophages;
• NSPCs, neural stem/progenitor cells;
• OB, olfactory bulb;
• OPN, osteopontin;
• SVZ, subventricular zone

Keywords

• Neurogenesis;
• Monocyte depletion;
• Reactive gliosis

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© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.