Relationship of cerebral microbleeds to inflammatory marker levels

I got nothing out of this article. What problems does this cause? What solutions there are to prevent them? What interventions are needed to resolve the problems caused?
http://nnjournal.net/article/view/1904

Qiao-Li Lu¹, Chen Li¹, Ying Song¹, Liang Wang², Zhi-Rong Jia³

¹Department of Neurology, Tianjin 5th Center Hospital, Tianjin 300450, China.

²Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin 5th Center Hospital, Tianjin 300450, China.

³Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

Correspondence Address: Dr. Chen Li, Department of Neurology, Tianjin 5th Center Hospital, 41 Zhejiang Road, Tanggu, Tianjin 300450, China. 
E-mail: lichenokk@163.com

Dr. Chen Li works in Department of Neurology, Tianjin 5th Center Hospital. She graduated from Tianjin Medical University and got her Master of Medicine in July 2011, and she is skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, neuroimmune diseases and anxiety-depression diseases. She enjoys reading and writing as well as looking after her daughter.
Click here to view

Date of Submission           24-02-2017

Date of Acceptance           10-05-2017

Date of Web Publication    08-08-2017

DOI:10.20517/2347-8659.2017.05

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), which allows others to remix, tweak and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

How to cite this article:

Lu QL, Li C, Song Y, Wang L, Jia ZR. Relation of cerebral microbleeds to inflammatory marker levels. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2017;4:145-51.

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, distribution and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the relation between CMBs and inflammation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.  
Methods: Two hundred and one patients without acute infarction or transient ischemic attack were enrolled. The presence and number of CMB were assessed on susceptibility-weighted imaging. The traditional risk factors of CMB were recorded. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were tested. Logistic regression analyses were used for multiple-factor analysis of risk factors of CMB.  
Results: Of the 201 patients, 49 (24.38%) had CMB. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the age, the prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, MMP-9 were the risk factors for CMB. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, inflammatory marker levels remained to be associated with CMBs. The adjusted odd ratios of hs-CRP, IL-6 and MMP-9 were 1.745 (1.342-2.270), 1.223 (1.018-1.533) and 1.284 (1.082-1.423), respectively. Furthermore, inflammatory marker levels were the risk factor for deep or infratentorial CMBs and lobar CMBs.  
Conclusion: The age, prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, MoCA Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and serum hs-CRP, IL-6, and MMP-9 levels were the independent risk factors for CMBs.