Restoring Motor Functions After Stroke: Multiple Approaches and Opportunities

What a complete waste of time. This type of review should not be necessary since they are continuously updated in that stroke protocol database so these reviews never need to be done. And proposing biomarkers to predict recovery is the height of fucking laziness. They should be solving all these problems in stroke rather than looking at what is currently possible(Only 10% full recovery).
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1073858417737486

Estelle Raffin, Friedhelm C. Hummel

First Published November 7, 2017 Review Article

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Abstract

More than 1.5 million people suffer a stroke in Europe per year and more than 70% of stroke survivors experience limited functional recovery of their upper limb, resulting in diminished quality of life. Therefore, interventions to address upper-limb impairment are a priority for stroke survivors and clinicians. While a significant body of evidence supports the use of conventional treatments, such as intensive motor training or constraint-induced movement therapy, the limited and heterogeneous improvements they allow are, for most patients, usually not sufficient to return to full autonomy. Various innovative neurorehabilitation strategies are emerging in order to enhance beneficial plasticity and improve motor recovery. Among them, robotic technologies, brain-computer interfaces, or noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are showing encouraging results. These innovative interventions, such as NIBS, will only provide maximized effects, if the field moves away from the “one-fits all” approach toward a “patient-tailored” approach. After summarizing the most commonly used rehabilitation approaches, we will focus on NIBS and highlight the factors that limit its widespread use in clinical settings. Subsequently, we will propose potential biomarkers that might help to stratify stroke patients in order to identify the individualized optimal therapy. We will discuss future methodological developments, which could open new avenues for poststroke rehabilitation, toward more patient-tailored precision medicine approaches and pathophysiologically motivated strategies.