Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer’s dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Maybe you'll want this. There is also this article from 2013 but in mice, so if your doctor did no followup you have an incompetent doctor.
7. Wei N., et al. Delayed intranasal delivery ofhypoxic-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem  cells enhanced cell homing andtherapeutic benefits after ischemic stroke in mice.  Cell Transplantation, 2013. 22(6) p. 977-991.

And this from Dec. 2016:

How to Improve Your Memory, Mood and Energy with Intranasal Insulin

The latest here:

Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer’s dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

• Authors
• Authors and affiliations

• Konstantinos Ioannis AvgerinosEmail author
• Grigorios Kalaitzidis
• Antonia Malli
• Dimitrios Kalaitzoglou
• Pavlos Gr. Myserlis
• Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas

• Konstantinos Ioannis Avgerinos
  • 1
  • 2
  • 5
  Email author
• Grigorios Kalaitzidis
  • 2
  • 5
• Antonia Malli
  • 3
  • 5
• Dimitrios Kalaitzoglou
  • 3
  • 5
• Pavlos Gr. Myserlis
  • 4
  • 5
• Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas
  • 6

1. 1.251 Hellenic Airforce General HospitalAthensGreece
2. 2.Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
3. 3.Faculty of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
4. 4.401 General Army HospitalAthensGreece
5. 5.Society of Junior DoctorsAthensGreece
6. 6.Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Review

First Online: 01 February 2018

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Abstract

Background and aims

Due to common pathophysiological findings of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin has been suggested as a possible treatment of AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A safe alternative of IV insulin is intranasal (IN) insulin. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of IN insulin on cognitive function of patients with either AD or MCI.

Methods

A literature search of the electronic databases Medline, Scopus and CENTRAL was performed to identify RCTs investigating the effect of IN insulin administration on cognitive tasks, in patients with AD or MCI.

Results

Seven studies (293 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Most studies showed that verbal memory and especially story recall was improved after IN insulin administration. Sometimes the effect was restricted for apoe4 (−) patients. Intranasal insulin did not affect other cognitive functions. However, there were some positive results in functional status and daily activity. Data suggested that different insulin types and doses may have different effects on different apoe4 groups. In addition, the effects of treatment on Αβ levels differed from study to study. Finally, IN insulin resulted in minor adverse effects.

Conclusions

Intranasal insulin improved story recall performance of apoe4 (−) patients with AD or MCI. Other cognitive functions were not affected, but there were some positive results in functional status and daily activity. Since IN insulin is a safe intervention, future studies should be conducted with larger doses and after proper selection of patients and insulin types.