Nutrition, Energy Expenditure, Dysphagia, and Self-Efficacy in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of the Literature

We don't want analysis of literature we want protocols. WHEN THE FUCK ARE YOU GOING TO PROVIDE THEM?

Nutrition, Energy Expenditure, Dysphagia, and Self-Efficacy in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of the Literature

Adam C. Lieber 1, Estee Hong 2, David Putrino 2 , Dominic A. Nistal 1 , Jonathan S. Pan 1 and Christopher P. Kellner 1,* 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; adam.lieber@icahn.mssm.edu (A.C.L.); dominic.nistal@icahn.mssm.edu (D.A.N.); jonathan.pan@icahn.mssm.edu (J.S.P.) 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; eh469@cornell.edu (E.H.); dputrino83@gmail.com (D.P.) * Correspondence: christopher.kellner@gmail.com; Tel.:+1-212-241-2377or+1-617-365-2981; Fax:212-241-7388
Received: 30 October 2018; Accepted: 5 December 2018; Published: 7 December 2018

Abstract: While significant research has been performed regarding the use of thrombolytic agents and thrombectomy in the setting of acute stroke, other factors, such as nutritional status of stroke patients, is a less explored topic. The topic of nutrition is critical to the discussion of stroke, as up to half of stroke survivors may be considered malnourished at discharge. Dysphagia, old age, restricted upper limb movement, visuospatial impairment, and depression are all important risk factors for malnutrition in this cohort. The purpose of this review is to analyze current literature discussing neuroprotective diets, nutritional, vitamin, and mineralsupplementation, dysphagia, and post-stroke coaching in stroke patients.