Role of immune responses for extracellular matrix remodeling in the ischemic brain

What stroke leader are you going to propose this new direction? And where is the strategy you are updating? Just writing this in a journal does not relieve you of the responsibility of seeing that followup occurs.  Nothing will occur, stroke survivors will continue to be screwed by the lack of any stroke leadership.

Role of immune responses for extracellular matrix remodeling in the ischemic brain 

Show all authors

Egor Dzyubenko, Daniel Manrique-Castano, Christoph Kleinschnitz, ...

First Published December 17, 2018 Review Article

https://doi.org/10.1177/1756286418818092

Article information

Abstract

Neuroinflammation is one of the key components contributing to the devastating outcome of ischemic stroke. Starting with stroke onset, inflammatory processes contribute both to cell damage and tissue remodeling. The early release of alarmins triggers the upregulation of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in the compromised integrity of the blood–brain barrier. From this moment on, the infiltration of peripheral immune cells, reactive gliosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations become intricately intertwined and act as one unit during the tissue remodeling. While the mechanisms of leukocyte and glia activation are amply reviewed, the field of ECM modification remains as yet under explored. In this review, we focus on the interplay between neuroinflammatory cascades and ECM in the ischemic brain. By summarizing the currently available evidence obtained by in vitro research, animal experimentation and human studies, we aim to propose a new direction for the future investigation of stroke recovery.