Potential of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Potential of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Author links open overlay panelPratishthaChatterjee^ab MalikaFernando^cBinoshaFenando^bCintia BDias^adTejalShah^abeRenukaSilva^cShehanWilliams^eStevePedrini^bHeidiHillebrandt^aKathrynGoozee^abfghEdwardBarinⁱHamid RSohrabi^abjManoharGarg^dStephenCunnane^kRalph NMartins^abfhj

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111209Get rights and content

Highlights

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Brain glucose hypometabolism is a major early hallmark of AD.

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CO is a rich source of MCT, and ketone bodies arise from MCT metabolism.

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Ketone bodies serve as an alternative energy source for the glucose-deficient brain.

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CO, MCT and their derivatives show evidence of neuroprotective properties.

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CO, MCT and their derivatives show evidence of influencing AD related risk factors.

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Currently, there is no effective medication for the prevention or treatment of AD. This has led to the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Coconut oil(CO) has a unique fatty acid composition that is rich in medium chain fatty acids(MCFA), a major portion of which directly reaches the liver via the portal vein, thereby bypassing the lymphatic system. Given that brain glucose hypometabolism is a major early hallmark of AD, detectable well before the onset of symptoms, ketone bodies from MCFA metabolism can potentially serve as an alternative energy source to compensate for lack of glucose utilisation in the brain. Additionally, neuroprotective antioxidant properties of CO have been attributed to its polyphenolic content. This review discusses how the metabolism of CO and MCFA may aid in compensating the glucose hypometabolism observed in the AD brain. Furthermore, we present the current evidence of the neuroprotective properties of CO on cognition, amyloid-β pathogenicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The current review addresses the influence of CO/MCFA on other chronic disorders that are risk factors for AD, and addresses existing gaps in the literature regarding the use of CO/MCFA as a potential treatment for AD.

Keywords

Medium chain triglycerides

coconut oil

Alzheimer’s disease

cerebral glucose hypometabolism

amyloid-β

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© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.