The
concept of neurogenesis in the adult human brain was conceived in the
1960s, revisited in the 1980s and confirmed in the 1990s. It was a
controversial area of research due to methodological challenges. It is
now widely accepted that new neurons are continually generated in
specific regions in the adult brain. This occurs primarily in the
subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone
of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Neuroblasts from the
subventricular zone migrate along the rostral migratory stream into the
olfactory bulb, whereas neuroblasts from the subgranular zone show
relatively little migratory behavior, and differentiate into dentate
gyrus granule cells. Growth factors, neurotrophins, cytokines, and
hormones are also major regulators of adult neurogenesis.
Much
progress was made over the past decade, but many questions were remain
unanswered, new insights are emerging at a stunning rate and made the
investigation of neurogenesis in the adult human brain an intense area
of research. In this review, I tried to present recent research findings
regarding basic concept, historical background, primary site, factors
influencing, clinical implications and functions of adult neurogenesis.
Literatures searched for this paper were carried out by accessing
PubMed, Google scholar, Web of science and other databases.
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