Self-reported urinary incontinence in noninstitutionalized long-term stroke survivors: A population-based study

If you are in that 17% what is your doctor's EXACT SOLUTION? Not a guideline or the crapola saying; 'All strokes are different, all stroke recoveries are different'. If you don't have an EXACT SOLUTION  from your doctor, fire them. You don't have a functioning stroke doctor. I take no prisoners in trying to make stroke recovery better. A hell of a lot of dead wood needs to be removed in the stroke world.

Self-reported urinary incontinence in noninstitutionalized long-term stroke survivors: A population-based study 

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.05.011Get rights and content

Abstract

Jørgensen L, Engstad T, Jacobsen BK. Self-reported urinary incontinence in noninstitutionalized long-term stroke survivors: a population-based study.

Objectives

To compare the prevalence of self-reported incontinence among noninstitutionalized long-term stroke survivors with population controls without stroke and to identify risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in the stroke survivors.

Design

Community-based, cross-sectional study.

Setting

Municipality of Tronsø.

Participants

A total of 213 noninstitutionalized stroke survivors (mean time poststroke, 9y) and 242 control subjects.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main outcome measure

Self-reported presence of urinary incontinence.

Results

Urinary incontinence was present in 17% of the stroke survivors and in 7% of the control subjects (odds ratio [OR]=2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–5.2) and more prevalent among the stroke survivors than among the control subjects until 10 years poststroke. In the stroke survivors, urinary incontinence was associated with signs of depression (OR=3.0; 95% CI, 1.3–7.1) and tended to be associated with motor function of the leg (OR=3.1; 95% CI, 0.9–10.4) and cognitive function (OR=2.8; 95% CI, 0.9–8.6). Urinary incontinence was strongly related to the number of these risk factors present (P trend, <.001; OR=7.2; 95% CI, 2.1–24.6) in subjects having 2 or more of the risk factors, compared with subjects with none of these risk factors).

Conclusions

The prevalence of urinary incontinence is high among long-term stroke survivors, especially in subjects in whom paresis, depressive symptoms, and impaired cognition cluster.