Monday, January 2, 2023

Music meets robotics: a prospective randomized study on motivation during robot aided therapy

You have motivation wrong. Write up 100% recovery protocols on this and survivors will do the millions of reps needed, no external motivation required.

Music meets robotics: a prospective randomized study on motivation during robot aided therapy


 Baur etal. Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation
 (2018) 15:79
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-018-0413-8

 
Baur
 etal. JournalofNeuroEngineeringandRehabilitation
 (2018) 15:79
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-018-0413-8

Kilian Baur 1,2*, 
Florina Speth1,2,3†, 
Aniket Nagle1,2, 
Robert Riener 1,2
and Verena Klamroth-Marganska 1,2,4

Abstract

Background:
 Robots have been successfully applied in motor training during neurorehabilitation. As music isknown to improve motor function and motivation in neurorehabilitation training, we aimed at integrating music creation into robotic-assisted motor therapy. We developed a virtual game-like environment with music for the arm therapy robot ARMin, containing four different motion training conditions: a condition promoting creativity (C+) and one not promoting creativity (C–), each in a condition with (V+) and without (V–) a visual display (i.e., a monitor). The visual display was presenting the game workspace but not contributing to the creative process itself. In all four conditions the therapy robot haptically displayed the game workspace. Our aim was to asses the effects of creativity and visual display on motivation.
Methods:
In a prospective randomized single-center study, healthy participants were randomly assigned to play twoof the four training conditions, either with (V+) or without visual display (V–). In the third round, the participantsplayed a repetition of the preferred condition of the two first rounds, this time with a new V condition (i.e., with orwithout visual display). For each of the three rounds, motivation was measured with the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory(IMI) in the subscalesinterest/enjoyment, perceived choice, value/usefulness, and man-machine-relation. We recorded the actual training time, the time of free movement, and the velocity profile and administered a questionnaire to measure perceived training time and perceived effort. All measures were analysed using linear mixed models. Furthermore, we asked if the participants would like to receive the created music piece.
Results:
 Sixteen healthy subjects (ten males, six females, mean age: 27.2 years, standard deviation: 4.1 years) with noknown motor or cognitive deficit participated. Promotion of creativity (i.e., C+ instead of C–) significantly increased theIMI-item interest/enjoyment (p=0.001) and the IMI-item perceived choice (p=0.010). We found no significant effects in the IMI-items man-machine relation and value/usefulness. Conditions promoting creativity (with or without visual display) were preferred compared to the ones not promoting creativity. An interaction effect of promotion of creativity and omission of visual display was present for training time (p=0.013) and training intensity (p< 0.001). No differences in relative perceived training time, perceived effort, and perceived value among the four training conditions were found.
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