You'll have to ask your competent doctor the amounts for this. You do have a competent doctor don't you?
But then your competent doctor has been prescribing garlic for over ten years now, right?
Garlic intake is an independent predictor of endothelial function in patients with ischemic stroke April 2013
The latest here:
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic in Ischemic Stroke: Proposal of a New Mechanism of Protection through Regulation of Neuroplasticity
2, 2,3
, 1,4, 1 and 1,2,*
, 1,4, 1 and 1,2,*
1
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Patología Vascular
Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco
Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
3
Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Zona #30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 08300, Mexico
4
Departamento Cirugía General, Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11600, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(12), 2126; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122126
Submission received: 26 October 2023
/
Revised: 2 December 2023
/
Accepted: 14 December 2023
/
Published: 16 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Stroke)
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of death
and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies
against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading
etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as
excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell
death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic
compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally,
there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in
other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as
neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover
cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and
preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under
physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage
models. This work describes damage/repair mechanisms and the importance
of garlic as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents
against damage. Moreover, we examine the less-explored neurotrophic
properties of garlic, culminating in proposals and observations based on
our review of the available information. The aim of the present study
is to propose that garlic compounds and preparations could contribute to
the treatment of ischemic stroke through their neurotrophic effects.
1. Introduction
Stroke
significantly impacts a large segment of the population and stands as
one of the leading causes of death and disability. Currently,
fibrinolytics and endovascular therapies that induce reperfusion are the
only treatments available, yet they are often insufficient and can even
result in further brain damage. Consequently, research is focused on
identifying new therapeutic targets and protective molecules. Key
mechanisms implicated in ischemic stroke-related injury include
excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Numerous molecules
demonstrate potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties;
however, they frequently fail in clinical trials as effective stroke
treatments. On the other hand, there are repair mechanisms such as
neuroplasticity that are potential targets for ischemic stroke
treatment. Neuroplasticity is a repair mechanism that comprises changes
that generate new cells and synaptic connections. Thus, the discovery of
novel mechanisms related to recovery in therapeutic stroke research is
essential. Garlic and its preparations are a source of antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic molecules. Hence, the aim of this
review is to analyze the neurotrophic properties of garlic compounds and
preparations as a possible management method for ischemic stroke.
2. Stroke
2.1. Stroke Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Amongst neurological diseases, stroke represents one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide [1].
Furthermore, people affected by stroke require temporary or lifelong
assistance, resulting in a huge burden at the human and economic cost
levels [2,3].
Stroke
is classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic, with a higher prevalence
of the ischemic condition. Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply
decreases under the tissue demand requirements for normal function,
resulting in deficiencies in oxygen, glucose, and other molecules
required for brain metabolism [4].
Despite
the heterogeneity of this disease, some non-modifiable risk factors
such as age and gender contribute importantly to the incidence of
ischemic stroke. Aging is the strongest non-modifiable risk factor;
three quarters of all strokes occur in persons aged >65 years, and
the risk doubles every 10 years after the age of 55 [5,6,7].
Moreover, aged patients with stroke have higher mortality and morbidity
rates and present poorer functional recovery than their young
counterparts [5,6,7].
It is estimated that the increase in the size of the aged population
represents an important factor that will contribute to the increase in
ischemic stroke cases in the future [8].
Additionally, gender also is an important factor contributing to the
incidence, mortality, and after-effects associated with stroke [9]. After the age of 65, the risk of suffering a stroke is increased in women compared with men of the same age [9,10,11].
Other clinical studies observed that older women experience more severe
strokes, longer periods of hospitalization, more severe sequelae, and
lower quality of life relative to men of similar ages [10,11].
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