Abstract

Study Objectives

Stroke can result in or exacerbate various sleep disorders. The presence of behaviors such as daytime sleepiness poststroke can indicate underlying sleep disorders which can significantly impact functional recovery and thus require prompt detection and monitoring for improved care. Actigraphy, a quantitative measurement technology, has been primarily validated for nighttime sleep in healthy adults; however, its validity for daytime sleep monitoring in is currently unknown. Therefore this study aims to identify the best-performing actigraphy sensor and algorithm for detecting daytime sleep in poststroke individuals.

Methods

Participants wore ActiWatch Spectrum and ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on their less-affected wrist, while trained observers recorded daytime sleep occurrences and activity levels (active, sedentary, asleep) during non-therapy times. Algorithms, ActiWatch (Autoscore AMRI) and ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke, Sadeh), were compared with on-site observations and assessed using F2 scores, emphasizing sensitivity to detect daytime sleep.

Results

Twenty-seven participants from an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit contributed 173.5 hours of data. The ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm (min sleep time=15 mins, bedtime=10 mins, and wake time=10 mins) achieved the highest F2 score (0.59). Notably, when participants were in bed, the ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm continued to outperform Sadeh and ActiWatch ARMI, with an F2 score of 0.69.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates both ActiWatch and ActiGraph's ability to detect daytime sleep, particularly during bed rest. ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke) algorithm exhibited a more balanced sleep detection profile and higher F2 scores compared to ActiWatch, offering valuable insights for optimizing daytime sleep monitoring with actigraphy in stroke patients.