Yeah, we've known of this for a while. Survivors would like you TO SOLVE STROKE TO 100% RECOVERY, instead of rehashing old data.
Just maybe you'll want 100% recovery solved before you become the 1 in 4 per WHO that has a stroke!
Behavioral Risk Profiles of Stroke Survivors Among US Adults: Geographic Differences Between Stroke Belt and Non–Stroke Belt States
ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 21 — October 3, 2024
Derek Liuzzo, PT, DPT, PhD, MBA1; Nancy Fell, PT, PhD, FAPTA1; Gregory Heath, DHSc, MPH2,3; Preeti Raghavan, MD4; David Levine, PT, DPT, PhD, MPH, FAPTA1 (View author affiliations)
Suggested citation for this article: Liuzzo D, Fell N, Heath G, Raghavan P, Levine D. Behavioral Risk Profiles of Stroke Survivors Among US Adults: Geographic Differences Between Stroke Belt and Non–Stroke Belt States. Prev Chronic Dis 2024;21:240113. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd21.240113.
PEER REVIEWED
What is already known on this topic?
Despite a decrease in stroke prevalence in the early 2000s, incidence of stroke and disability following stroke are increasing, especially in the southeastern US.
What is added by the report?
We analyzed 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on stroke survivors for the nation and the “Stroke Belt” and examined the odds of having and/or living with a disability from a stroke by demographic group, social determinants of health, and health-related quality of life following a stroke. Stroke was more prevalent in Stroke Belt states (SBS), and significant differences were seen by age, gender, and race and ethnicity.
What are the implications for public health practice?
State and local public health professionals, especially those in SBS,
can allocate and prioritize funding to create educational initiatives
and stroke preventive measures.(Why the fuck aren't you solving stroke to 100% recovery? TOO HARD? Try recovering from a stroke with NO help from your stroke medical 'professionals'!)
Abstract
Introduction
Stroke, a leading cause of illness, death, and long-term disability in the US, presents with significant disparities across the country, most notably in southeastern states comprising the “Stroke Belt.” This study intended to identify differences between Stroke Belt states (SBS) and non–Stroke Belt states (NSBS) in terms of prevalence of stroke, sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Methods
We analyzed data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to compare demographic characteristics, risk factors, physical activity adherence, functional independence, and HRQOL among stroke survivors in SBS and NSBS.
Results
Of 18,745 stroke survivors, 4,272 were from SBS and 14,473 were from NSBS. Stroke was more prevalent in SBS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.35–1.44; P < .001), with significant differences by age, sex, and race and ethnicity, except for Hispanic ethnicity. Selected stroke risk factors were more common in every category in SBS. Stroke survivors in SBS were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines for aerobic (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69–0.86; P < .001) and aerobic and strengthening combined (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.70–0.86; P < .001) activities. Stroke survivors in SBS were more likely to not meet either physical activity guideline (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22–1.41; P < .001).
Conclusions
Living in SBS significantly increased the odds of stroke occurrence. Stroke survivors from SBS reported lower HRQOL and insufficient physical activity as well as lower functional independence. Specific strategies are needed for residents of SBS, with a focus on policies and primary and secondary prevention practices across healthcare professions.
Introduction
Stroke is a leading cause of illness, death, and long-term disability in the US (1). At the beginning of the 21st century, 63.3 (95% CI, 56.9–66.6) Americans per 100,000 population were dying from stroke, with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimated to be 1,205.2 (95% CI, 1,112.2–1,287.9) per 100,000 population (2–5). A downward trend reached a nadir in 2010, with a 23.2% decrease in stroke deaths and 13.7% decrease in DALYs (1,4). However, from 2010 to 2019, a 12.4% rise in deaths (168,680 in 2019) and 10.1% increase in DALY occurred (1,4). Although mortality rates remain at 8.8% less than the peak in 2000, stroke survivors are living longer with disability and rates of DALYs continue to rise (3–5). These events pose enormous challenges to survivors and their care providers and families, as well as the health care system, with medical costs exceeding $53 billion (1).
Historically, a higher stroke incidence and prevalence is evidenced in the southeastern US, also known as “Stroke Belt” states (SBS) (5–7). One criterion for classifying a state as one of the SBS is when stroke incidence and deaths exceed 10% above the median rate for all states (5,6). Eight states have consistently met this criterion since 1999: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana (except for 2000), Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee (5–7).
This study’s purpose was to investigate the differences in self-reported stroke prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, and modifiable cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors among US stroke survivors in SBS and NSBS by analyzing data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Our goal is to use study results to support development of data-driven primary and secondary prevention interventions to mitigate risk and reduce stroke disparity in SBS.
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