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Soft, precision engineered porous, hydrogel scaffolds mechanically tailored toward applications in the central nervous system
Abstract
Diseases
and traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) demand the
development of new biomaterials to improve healing and treatment
options. Matching material mechanical properties to specific tissues and
optimizing material porous structures are central goals for improving
biomaterials. However, biomaterials with both precision-controlled
porous structures and brain-matched mechanical properties (low modulus)
are still lacking. In this study, we developed soft hydrogel scaffolds
with mechanical properties similar to that of CNS tissues, and a uniform
40 µm porous structure—40 µm pores have been shown to be optimal for
healing in many tissues. The two characteristics were achieved by a new
fabrication process combining phase separation and sphere templating.
The resulting scaffolds are non-cytotoxic according to the ISO 10993-5
standard. In addition, the three-dimensional culture of microglial cells
within the scaffolds demonstrates cell attachment and maintenance of a
rounded, quiescent morphology, potentially due to spatial confinement.
These results justify further in vivo studies and suggest broad
potential in CNS applications, such as brain-computer interfaces, neural
regeneration, and basic neurobiology.
Subject classification codes: Neural Interfaces, soft hydrogel, synthetic biomaterials
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