Repeated
traumatic brain injury has grown in importance as sports-related
injuries have increased. Repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI) increases the risk
of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson's diseases, as well as chronic comorbidities like PTSD,
depression, substance abuse and neuroendocrine functions. However, no
effective therapeutic strategies have been reported for the effective
management of TBI. Herein, we examined the effectiveness of co-delivery
of the phytonutrients curcumin, trans-resveratrol, and carnosic
acid as a bioavailable complex (CGM+) in managing rmTBI in the rodent
model. The rats were randomly assigned to sham, rmTBI, and
CGM+ (300 mg/kg b.wt.) groups for a total of 21 days. On Days 6 and 7,
all animals, except those in the sham group, were subjected to repeated
mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). The CGM+ group received
supplementation throughout the 21 days, while the other groups received a
vehicle. Neurological severity score (NSS) was assessed 24 h after the
last injury, and behavioral tests were completed within 14 days
post-injury. Samples for the biochemical analysis were collected after
euthanasia. CGM+ supplementation significantly decreased the
sensory-motor deficits associated with rmTBI. Following TBI, the
CGM+ group demonstrated enhanced memory and low-stress levels.
Furthermore, CGM+ has been shown to modulate neurotransmitter levels and
promote neurogenesis. The biochemical and molecular analysis revealed
that CGM+ promotes recovery following rmTBI by modulating mitochondrial
bioenergetics and BDNF pathways. The findings indicate that CGM+ can be
used to manage cognitive and sensory-motor defects caused by rmTBI, such
as in the case of sports injuries.
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