We
investigated the acute effects of low-speed uphill exercise on lactate
levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the
cortex and hippocampus. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into
control, flat exercise (flat-EX), and uphill exercise (uphill-EX). EX
groups were subjected to treadmill EX at a low speed of 13 m/min for 30 min or 90 min
on 0% (flat-EX) or 40% (uphill-EX) grades. Lactate levels in the blood
and brain increased in the uphill-EX but not in the flat-EX. Despite the
slow speed, uphill-EX decreased muscle glycogen, with a predominance of
fast-twitch fibers; however, brain glycogen remained unchanged in both
EX-groups. Sodium lactate was administered via external jugular
catheterization to determine whether the uphill EX-induced brain lactate
increase was derived from blood. Changes in blood lactate levels
coincided with those in the brain, indicating that an elevation in blood
lactate may lead to increased brain lactate levels. Furthermore,
although a longer uphill exercise of 90 min increased BDNF protein
levels in the cortex and hippocampus, the flat-EX did not cause a
change. These results suggest that prolonged low-speed uphill exercise,
which recruits fast-twitch muscles, acutely increases lactate and BDNF
in the brain regions for memory and learning.
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