In
the last two decades, different routes of administration have been
explored for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders,
involving biomolecules and drugs. Among them, transmucosal route is
gaining particular interest, due to its low toxicity in chronic
treatments, as well as high and rapid drug absorption, making it
suitable for systemic delivery of various drugs. Indeed, it allows an
easy bypass of the blood-brain barrier by using the olfactory region,
promoting a direct drug delivery to the brain. Despite its advantages,
some side effects like nasal irritation and rapid drainage remain
relevant.
Recent
scientific studies are focusing on the design of mucoadhesive carriers
to enhance drug residence time on the mucosa and providing sustained
release. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is emerging as a valid solution for nasal
delivery, with potential in treating CNS disorders. The main driving
idea of this narrative review is to present the state of art on gels and
micro/nanoparticles based on HA functionalized with natural extracts
for treating the CNS via the nasal route. Future research aims to address existing challenges to improve their formulations for effective CNS delivery.
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