Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span

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Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span            

                                 by

Burkhard Poeggeler

^1,*,

Sandeep Kumar Singh

²,

Kumar Sambamurti

³ and

Miguel A. Pappolla

⁴

¹

Department of Physiology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg August University Göttingen, Zappenburg 2, D-38524 Sassenburg, Germany

²

Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India

³

Department of Neurobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA

⁴

Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914533

Submission received: 31 August 2023 / Revised: 20 September 2023 / Accepted: 22 September 2023 / Published: 26 September 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 25th Anniversary of NO)

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Abstract

The master molecular regulators and mechanisms determining longevity and health span include nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals (SOR). L-arginine, the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, can restore a healthy ratio between the dangerous SOR and the protective NO radical to promote healthy aging. Antioxidant supplementation orchestrates protection against oxidative stress and damage—L-arginine and antioxidants such as vitamin C increase NO production and bioavailability. Uncoupling of NO generation with the appearance of SOR can be induced by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). L-arginine can displace ADMA from the site of NO formation if sufficient amounts of the amino acid are available. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO. The topics of this review are the complex interactions of antioxidant agents with L-arginine, which determine NO bioactivity and protection against age-related degeneration.