Gallic and vanillic acid suppress inflammation and promote myelination in an in vitro mouse model of neurodegeneration

Ask your doctor point blank. 'Does stroke cause demylination?' If it does then what is your doctor doing to get this research followed up with human testing?

Gallic and vanillic acid suppress inflammation and promote myelination in an in vitro mouse model of neurodegeneration

• Authors
• Authors and affiliations

• Sonia Siddiqui
• Aisha Kamal
• Faisal Khan
• Khawar Saeed Jamali
• Zafar Saeed Saify

• Sonia Siddiqui
  • 1
  • 2
  Email authorView author's OrcID profile
• Aisha Kamal
  • 2
• Faisal Khan
  • 2
• Khawar Saeed Jamali
  • 3
  View author's OrcID profile
• Zafar Saeed Saify
  • 4

1. 1.Institute of Biomedical SciencesDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
2. 2.Department of Neuroscience, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachiPakistan
3. 3.Department of SurgeryDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
4. 4.HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachiPakistan

Original Article

First Online: 19 December 2018

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Abstract

Neuroinflammation affects millions of people around the world as a result of injury or stress. Neuroinflammation represents almost all types of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegenerative diseases comprise demyelination and synaptic loss. The inflammatory response is further propagated by the activation of glial cells and modulation of constitutively expressed extracellular matrix proteins. The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of purified compounds gallic acid (GA, 1.0 µM) and vanillic acid (VA, 0.2 µM) on the lysolecithin (LPC, 0.003%)-induced model of inflammation. Hippocampal neurons were co-cultured with glial cells, and LPC was added to induce inflammation. Neurite outgrowth was measured by morphometry software. The level of myelination and demyelination was identified by immunostaining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting techniques using different antibodies. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to observe the sustained repetitive firing pattern. The data showed that GA and VA significantly increased the neurite outgrowth after 48 h in culture. Both compounds significantly reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, NFκB, tenascin-C, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes in the LPC-induced model of inflammation. The level of myelin protein in neurites and oligodendrocyte cell bodies was significantly upregulated by GA and VA treatment. The reduction in sustained repetitive firing in the LPC-induced model of inflammation was reversed by both GA and VA treatment. This study supports the hypothesis that VA and GA have anti-inflammatory activities and could be regarded as potential treatments for neurodegenerative disease.

Keywords

Lysolecithin CNS injury Remyelination GA VA ECM proteins 

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4557-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.