Innate lymphoid cells in the brain: Focus on ischemic stroke

 Didn't your competent? doctor start working on this years ago?  NO? SO, YOU DON'T HAVE A FUNCTIONING STROKE DOCTOR, DO YOU?

Innate lymphoid cells in the central nervous system February 2022

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells resolve neuroinflammation following cerebral ischaemia December 2023

Alteration of circulating innate lymphoid cells in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction December 2018

Send me hate mail on this: oc1dean@gmail.com. I'll print your complete statement with your name and my response in my blog. Or are you afraid to engage with my stroke-addled mind? (I would like to know what a functioning stroke doctor should be doing to get patients 100% recovered! NOT WHAT YOU'RE DOING NOW; but what you should be doing to get your patients to 100% recovery!   You'll want 100% recovery when you become the 1 in 4 per WHO that has a stroke!).

The latest here:

Innate lymphoid cells in the brain: Focus on ischemic stroke

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104755

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Highlights

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  ILCs play a crucial role in post-ischemic immune response regulation.
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  NK cells contribute to neural necrosis and BBB damage in ischemic stroke.
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  ILC2s reduce infarct volume and improve neurological outcomes post-stroke.
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  ILC3s aid stroke recovery by regulating the intestinal microbiota.
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  Understanding ILCs' role in neuroinflammation may advance treatments for CNS diseases.

Abstract

The innate immune system consists of a diverse set of immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are grouped into subsets based on their transcription factors and cytokine profiles. Among these are natural killer (NK) cells, group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, group 3 ILCs, and lymphoid tissue inducers (LTi). Unlike T and B cells, ILCs do not express the diverse antigen receptors typically found on those cells. Although ILCs function in various systems, further research is needed to understand their role in the brain and their involvement in neurological diseases such as stroke. This review explores the general immunological aspects of ILCs, with a particular focus on their role in the central nervous system and the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.

Introduction

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) belong to a group of immune cells related to T lymphocytes, which are involved in immune regulation but do not express specific antigen receptors, unlike T cells. Were classified into different groups, natural killer (NK) cells, group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, group 3 ILCs, and lymphoid tissue inducers (LTi), each characterized by their transcription factors and the cytokines they produce(Mori et al., 2024; Vivier, 2021). ILCs participate in different pathologies, such as atherosclerosis (Newland et al., 2017), autoimmune (Clottu et al., 2022), and allergic diseases(Ebihara et al., 2021; Ham et al., 2022), due to their interaction with the immunesystem (Ruf et al., 2023), intestinalmucosa(Han et al., 2019), and central nervous systems(CNS) (Brown and Russi, 2017; Grigg et al., 2021; Y. Zhang et al., 2022b).

Different diseases result in neurological alterations including ischemic stroke (IS). The disruption of cerebral blood flow caused by IS triggers a series of pathophysiological cascades, including inflammation (Mathias et al., 2023). Immune cells are involved in all phases of the ischemic cascade, from the interruption of blood supply and parenchymal injury to tissue repair (Mathias et al., 2023). Although ILCs have been implicated in various neurological conditions, their specific role in the pathophysiology of IS remains poorly understood. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by reviewing the roles of different ILC subsets in the CNS, with a particular focus on IS.

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