Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Saturday, June 1, 2019

Role of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in neurovascular interactions during stroke

Well, this should go straight to that stroke leader to update the stroke strategy and solve this. But that won't occur. WE HAVE NO STROKE LEADERS AND NO STROKE STRATEGY. 

Role of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in neurovascular interactions during stroke




Highlights

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Infiltrating BMDMs can modulate both ischemic injury and recovery.
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BMDMs get primed depending upon tissue microenvironment to adopt pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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BMDMs can be a potential therapeutic target for stroke management.

Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide and hence remains a major medical concern. Besides several pathological features, such as excitotoxicity, peri-infarct depolarization, acidosis, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis, dysregulation of the immune system severely affects stroke outcomes. After stroke onset, microglia – the brain-resident macrophage immune cells – and peripheral immune cells affect stoke injury/recovery by releasing pro-inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines depending on their microenvironment. These pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines further affect integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and modulate immune infiltration after stroke. Among peripheral immune cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) play a critical role in stroke pathology which peaks between three and seven days post-stroke. BMDMs have been extensively studied for their role in exacerbation of stroke injury, however they have rarely been studied for their role in tissue repair. Nonetheless, these reparative roles are gaining attention since recent studies have shown either failure or worsening of long-term post-stroke recovery after blockade of peripheral immune infiltration. These diverse but paradoxical effects of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages encouraged us to summarize the latest findings in neuro-immune and immune-vascular interactions. This review highlights the multifaceted role of BMDMs in stroke onset and resolution, and emphasizes the significance of tapping the potential of these cells to gain better insight into disease progression and therapy.

Research data for this article

This is an invited review article and hence does have any data to deposit.
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