New biomarker tracks cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

 With your risk of dementia post stroke your doctor and hospital (If competent) need to create this protocol and have dementia prevention protocols on hand. 

1. A documented 33% dementia chance post-stroke from an Australian study?   May 2012.

2. Then this study came out and seems to have a range from 17-66%. December 2013.`    

3. A 20% chance in this research.   July 2013.

4. Dementia Risk Doubled in Patients Following Stroke September 2018  

Do you prefer your doctor and hospital incompetence NOT KNOWING? OR NOT DOING?

New biomarker tracks cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

At a Glance

• Scientists uncovered a new biomarker that may help predict cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer’s disease.
• The findings suggest measures of two proteins could improve early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and help predict or monitor cognitive decline.

Researchers have been working to develop tests to help detect and track dementia early in the disease process. Westend61 on Offset / Shutterstock

In people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), changes in the brain gradually erode the ability to think and remember. This cognitive decline involves an abnormal buildup of the proteins amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau. Measures of these protein biomarkers through brain scans or tests of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain and spinal cord have improved AD diagnosis.

However, some people with high levels of Aβ and tau have no detectable cognitive problems. Existing biomarkers also can't fully account for the speed of progression from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia, which can take from 2 to 20 years.

To learn more about the factors that affect cognitive decline, an NIH-funded team led by Drs. Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh and Tony Wyss-Coray at Stanford University analyzed CSF samples from about 3,400 people. The samples were from research studies in the U.S., Sweden, and Finland of people both with and without a diagnosis of AD who had volunteered to participate in the studies over many years.

The researchers used large-scale protein analysis, or proteomics, to measure levels of more than 7,000 proteins in each of the CSF samples. They searched for new proteins that might help explain differences in cognitive impairments, or thinking ability, among people with AD. To do so, they integrated their protein data with other data collected in the studies. Those included Aβ and tau measurements from CSF and brain scans, along with measures of cognitive ability, age, sex, and AD risk genes, including APOE. The results appeared in Nature Medicine on March 31, 2025.

The team found hundreds of proteins whose levels correlated with cognitive function. The most significant ones were related to synapse function. Synapses are the connections between neurons. In addition to the buildup of Aβ and tau, the loss of connections between neurons in the brain is a key feature of AD. Two synapse-related proteins, YWHAG and NPTX2, were the most closely related to measures of cognitive impairment.

The researchers used machine learning to search for patterns in the protein data that could reliably predict cognitive impairment. This analysis showed that a ratio of YWHAG:NPTX2 reflected a person’s cognitive impairment better than existing biomarkers for Aβ and tau.

YWHAG goes up in people with memory problems, while NPTX2 goes down. As a result, the YWHAG:NPTX2 ratio increases in people experiencing cognitive decline. It also rises in those at higher risk of advancing to full-blown dementia. These findings suggest that the YWHAG:NPTX2 ratio might be used to help predict the onset of AD symptoms and track disease progression. The researchers also found that this ratio rises somewhat as people age normally.

The team next used machine learning to try to develop a similar biomarker using less invasive proteomic blood tests. They were able to develop a set of protein measurements that correlated with the CSF YWHAG:NPTX2 ratio and could also help predict cognitive decline.

“More study is needed to understand the connection between these synaptic proteins and cognitive decline,” Wyss-Coray explains. “But our findings highlight the weakening and loss of neural connections as a driver of the decline.”

Further work will be needed to develop effective tests for use in the clinic. Such tests might one day be used to help detect memory loss sooner, perhaps even before it begins, to allow for early interventions. They could also help to select people for participation in clinical trials of promising new AD treatments and to measure treatment responses.

—by Kendall K. Morgan, Ph.D.

Wearable Neuro Device Approved to Assist Rehab of Stroke & SCI

 But this isn't addressing the wrong signals causing spasticity which I consider the major failure of all eStim techniques.

The proper research on this would be a way to stop the signals causing spasticity instead of this stupid; 'Hey, let's try to overcome the spasticity, which doesn't get you recovered at all!' Does anyone in stroke have any brains at all?

Wearable Neuro Device Approved to Assist Rehab of Stroke & SCI

Neuvotion is set to launch its first product, a non-invasive digital neuromodulation technology that focuses on regaining hand function for patients.

Joe Darrah

April 15, 2025

7 Min Read

Image courtesy of Neuvotion

Regardless of severity, recovery from stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI) is always a challenging process. This is especially true when the patient’s hands are affected.

Because standard physical rehabilitation tends to prioritize therapies focused on walking and the lower extremities, there’s an unmet need among those trying to recover the use of their hands, said Chad Bouton, founder and CEO of Neuvotion, an early-stage medical device company that develops neuromodulation technologies and products for neurorehabilitation, brain-computer interfaces, and physical therapy.

“The hand is very complicated – there are many joints, over 30 muscles involved, and the hand has a large number of degrees of freedom,” Bouton told MD+DI. “With the complexity of the hand, that part of the brain is a bit larger – so there is more susceptibility for a stroke to compromise a patient’s hands. And with spinal cord injuries, we also often see a lot at the neck level that unfortunately affects the hands. Recovery can be challenging, but that’s what we’ve been focused on.”

Founded in 2019, Neuvotion’s first product, NeuStim, a non-invasive, surgery-free, high-precision wearable that electrically stimulates muscles, has received 510(k) clearance.

The device supports hand movement recovery after stroke or SCI through the use of a touchscreen interface that enables clinicians to scan and pinpoint muscle targets electronically to steer stimulation with precision.

Related:FDA Approves Medtronic's Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

The wearable is expected to launch within the next year and help produce improved outcomes in stroke and SCI rehabilitation with the potential for earlier intervention depending on how quickly patients are stabilized.

“The responses that we are already receiving from clinical institutions around the world have been very exciting,” said Bouton, who prior to establishing Neuvotion developed and led the technology involved in the world’s first study on a paralyzed patient who regained hand function through the use of a brain chip that was linked to muscle stimulation in real-time.

Stimulation as soon as possible

Intended to treat adult patients who have experienced a hemiplegic stroke (paralysis or paresis on one side of the body) or those who have had a SCI at the fifth cervical vertebra (C-5 level), the NeuStim device can be initiated as early in the rehab process as the clinical care team deems appropriate if the necessary clinical requirements for receiving electrical stimulation are achieved. Evidence suggests that the timing of intervention can play a role in outcomes, according to Bouton.

Related:Medtronic & Boston Scientific’s Axonics End Patent Battle

“Our research has shown that when you can start patients on the therapy earlier if they’re ready, that can help to reverse atrophy and maladaptation of the neural circuits – these motor circuits that over time can start to develop ‘bad habits’ because of impaired function,” he said. 

A wireless, standalone, battery-operated device, NeuStim allows the clinician to communicate instructions for stimulation from a tablet interface to the patient once the wearable has been placed on the affected arm. By sliding a finger over the touchscreen, the clinician can move the point of stimulation via more than 150 small electrodes that deliver electrical impulses to the muscles noninvasively through the skin. Patches that are placed on the skin light up to indicate where the stimulation point is moving electronically.

“The electrodes do not need to be moved manually in the conventional way,” Bouton said. “That method can take hours away from the rehab sessions to map everything. It can also be much more difficult to find motor points. But with our approach, we have demonstrated that you can touch a screen to accomplish this task – and within minutes you can find the motor points, stimulate the right muscles, and literally get patients moving again. Insurance covers only a certain amount of time for rehabilitation. You don’t want to be spending more time on setup. NeuStim can be placed quickly, in under 90 seconds.”

Related:Could Saluda Medical’s Latest Funding Round Indicate a Resurgence of VC Interest in Medtech?

Device design and delivery

Developmentally focused on efficacy and safety, NeuStim’s design and functionality are the result of a collaborative partnership between Neuvotion and Intelligent Product Solutions (IPS), an end-to-end company that specializes in medical device design and development.

While there are a few contraindications and warnings related to receiving electrical stimulation that must be considered before beginning the therapy, including the use of synchronous (or demand) pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, the device has been designed for a variety of patient anatomies, according to Brad Carlson, vice president of technology and business development at IPS.

“There’s a human element here and we wanted ease of use to lead to adoption,” Carlson said. “To ensure safety, we have used biocompatible materials throughout the design. The device maintains safe stimulation levels on its own with built-in safety mechanisms to maintain proper operation.”

Stimulation should not be applied over the carotid sinus nerves, particularly in patients with a known sensitivity to the carotid sinus reflex.

Another innovative design aspect of the device is the thin, flexible patches that hold the electrodes in place.

“This promotes contractions of the muscles after stroke or spinal cord injury to reverse that atrophy and to promote rehabilitation or recovery over time,” said Bouton.

The specificity at which stimulation can be delivered has been especially important in stroke recovery. “When you’re talking about the hand and finger movements, these are very small muscles and muscle targets,” said Bouton. “With stroke, hypertonicity will commonly occur, and patients will have excessive flexion. And it’s difficult to counteract that with conventional therapy when you’re only trying to mechanically move something. But if you electrically stimulate the opposite side and you can pinpoint those targets, those muscles can be activated and you can get movement. Sometimes there’s a response within seconds.”
To promote continuity, stimulation profiles can be established and saved for each user through the graphical interface. Patients are engaged by watching the impulses that are sent by the clinician and providing instant feedback about anything that they’re able to sense or feel during the therapy, although sensation could be impaired, especially in SCI cases.
“Once the clinician is set up and they have found those stimulation points, and we’re seeing muscle activation and movements, they can then save those patterns into the device for that patient,” Bouton said. “This is a great feature because when they come in for future sessions their settings can be loaded and repeated. We can then store those sequences that the clinical team wants to work on – say, the opening of the hand and the closing of the hand, or transfer tasks such as picking up objects and putting them down, or compound movements. This device has the advanced feature of having these sequences so that patients can be helped with doing functional movements. And research has shown that if the patient is actively involved in their therapy, the outcomes are better.”

With stimulation information stored, the clinician utilizes a slider on the touchscreen that resembles a volume control to adjust the intensity or level of stimulation. There’s also an option to modulate the stimulation setting, allowing for the intensity to be adjusted up and down, which contracts the muscle at different levels – something that’s effective for trying to slow down or reverse any atrophy. This is also beneficial for activating the muscles in the neural circuits to help promote recovery, according to Bouton. “The patients can also be actively involved in attempting these movements, which is common in a rehab setting. But the difference here is the stimulation can be steered electronically, and the levels can be adjusted in real-time,” he said.

Bouton credits the collaboration with IPS with helping to design the device to offer this level of sophistication. “IPS has been an extension of our engineering team, and they have been fantastic to work with,” he said. “Patients have different forearm shapes and sizes. IPS was instrumental in looking at different sizes and shapes of arms with their human factors team, which was a big challenge that helped us to shape and size the design to fit unique anatomies. To be able to keep the device thin, flexible, and fitting has been a fantastic design element that IPS led.

Future features already being researched

Bouton said Neuvotion has been focused on the next innovations for NeuStim prior to the device appearing on the market.

“Something that is currently under development in our system as a future feature is adding artificial intelligence that will allow patients to start a gross motion that the AI will recognize and infer that they’re trying to open their hand — and to automatically stimulate the hand to pick up an object,” Bouton said. “We’ve completed early research studies and we anticipate adding this technology in the coming versions.”

Phase 2 RESCUE Data Show RNS60 Reduces Stroke Infarct and Improves Outcomes

Is this enough for your incompetent doctor and hospital to create protocols for their hospital? 

Do you prefer your doctor and hospital incompetence NOT KNOWING? OR NOT DOING?

 Phase 2 RESCUE Data Show RNS60 Reduces Stroke Infarct and Improves Outcomes

Author(s):

Marco Meglio

Conferences|American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting (AAN)

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Key Takeaways

• RNS60 treatment in AIS patients reduced hospitalization time by 4.8 days and significantly attenuated infarct growth in the high-dose cohort.
• High-dose RNS60 led to better functional outcomes, with more patients discharged home and achieving independence at 90 days.

SHOW MORE

High doses of RNS60 led to greater number of patients with modified Rankin scale scores between 0-2, improved EQ-5D-5L index score, and enhanced NIHSS score at each pre-specified time point over placebo.

David S. Liebeskind, MD

Recently presented data from the phase 2 RESCUE trial (NCT04693715), a placebo-controlled study of investigational RNS60 (Revalesio) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), revealed that the treatment with the agent in addition to standard of care was safe, and led to reductions in hospitalization time and infarct volume growth. Overall, these data further support the development of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective treatment in larger phase 3 settings, which are currently in development.^1,2

In this blinded, multicenter trial, 82 patients with AIS were randomly assigned to intravenous (IV) RNS60 0.5 mL/kg/h (low dose), RNS60 1.0 mL/kg/h (high dose), or placebo starting before completion of endovascular therapy (EVT). Presented at the 2025 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting, held April 5-9, in San Diego, California, results showed that RNS60 treatment with SOC led to a 4.8-day reduction in the average amount of time spent in a hospital relative to those on placebo (P = .022). In addition, those in the high-dose cohort demonstrated a 50% attenuation in infarct growth, which was considered statistically significant (P <.05).

"Revalesio's choice to capture infarct growth post-EVT is a great example of how Phase 2 clinical trials should be designed to properly evaluate cytoprotective drugs with the use of imaging to confirm results," David S. Liebeskind, MD, director of the Neurovascular Imaging Research Core at UCLA, said in a statement.¹ "I congratulate the investigators and Revalesio on their results and look forward to seeing RNS60 in a Phase 3 trial."

The study, lasting 90 days, randomly assigned patients for age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and ASPECTS score for each 48-hour treatment. As previously reported, the study met its primary end point of safety and mortality, with similar rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) and lower number of deaths in the RNS60 group compared with placebo.

Coming into the study, patients had a NIHSS score greater than 5, an ASPECTS score greater than 5, evidenced presence of penumbra/collaterals, and a pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 2 or less. In the latest data update, given during the “Emerging Stroke Therapies and Risk Stratification” talk, results showed that 55% of patients on high-dose RNS60 were discharged to their home whereas only 21% could say the same for placebo.

READ MORE: Felix NeuroAI Wristband Demonstrates Superiority Over Sham Device in TRANQUIL Study for Essential Tremor

Using a dichotomized mRS, additional data revealed that 72% of RNS60-treated patients in the high dose cohort were independent at day 90 vs 37% of those on placebo. At 90 days, the high-dose cohort demonstrated 16% higher number of participants with mRS between 0-2 (OR, 3.7; P = .36), a higher number of participants with Barthel Index greater than 95 (high-dose: 71% vs placebo: 43%; OR, 5.8; P = .13), and improved EQ-5D-5L index score (high-dose: 0.74 [±0.13] vs placebo: 0.58 [±0.13]; P = .09) at each pre-specified time point. Furthermore, those in the RNS60 high dose cohort also had improved NIHSS score vs placebo as well.

RNS60 is an investigational therapeutic that employs a novel platform technology involving charge-stabilized nanostructures (CSNs) in saline. These nanostructures are designed to modulate cellular signaling pathways, including the regulation of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, without the use of traditional pharmacological agents. RNS60 has been studied for its potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in neurodegenerative and autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer disease. By targeting dysregulated immune and cellular processes, RNS60 aims to provide a safer and innovative approach to treating diseases associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative damage.

A previously conducted phase 2 study of RNS60 in patients with ALS, published in the European Journal of Neurology, demonstrated positive effects on respiratory and bulbar function. Over 24 weeks of treatment, patients receiving RNS60 showed a slower decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) compared with placebo (difference, 0.41 per week; P = .0101) and significant improvement in the eating and drinking domain of the ALS Assessment Questionnaire-40 (difference, –0.19 per week; P = .0319). Additionally, a post-hoc analysis revealed that neurofilament light chain remained stable in bulbar-onset patients treated with RNS60 but increased in those on placebo.³

Blood test detects Parkinson’s years before symptoms appear using RNA markers

 Is your doctor and hospital competent enough to get this installed as a protocol to detect your risk of Parkinsons post stroke and then implement the Parkinsons prevention protocols they should have, but don't?

Parkinson’s Disease May Have Link to Stroke March 2017 

The latest here:

Blood test detects Parkinson’s years before symptoms appear using RNA markers

Scientists have developed a fast, non-invasive blood test that can detect Parkinson’s disease before tremors begin. By measuring RNA fragments that reflect brain pathology, the test offers new hope for early diagnosis and targeted intervention.

In a recent study published in the journal Nature Aging, researchers evaluated whether a blood test measuring nuclear and mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments could accurately detect pre-symptomatic Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Background

What if we could detect PD before a single tremor begins? PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder globally, affecting over 10 million people worldwide according to widely cited estimates and causing progressive movement and cognitive impairments. Current diagnostic methods are often reactive, identifying the disease after significant brain damage has already occurred. Invasive tests and inconsistent biomarkers further hinder early diagnosis. Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs), small non-coding RNA pieces generated by enzymatic cleavage, are emerging as potential indicators of neurological disorders. Their levels shift in response to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal stress, both hallmarks of PD. However, further research is needed to validate their diagnostic power.

About the Study

Patient-specific “fingerprints”: Blood tRF levels remained stable over time in individuals, creating unique molecular profiles that could enable personalized tracking of disease progression.

Researchers conducted a multi-cohort analysis using small RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to explore the diagnostic potential of specific tRFs in PD. They analyzed cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and brain samples from patients with PD, Alzheimer’s disease, and healthy controls, including postmortem samples from the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB) and living donors from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The study focused on two tRF families: nuclear-originated RGTTCRA-tRFs, derived from transfer RNA and marked by a specific repetitive motif ([A/G]GTTC[A/G]A), and mitochondrial tRFs (MT-tRFs), originating from mitochondrial genomes. A ratio between the two was calculated to standardize differences across individuals.

Using the PPMI dataset, they evaluated this ratio in early-stage, mutation-carrying, and prodromal patients. Using dual qPCR, they also validated the findings in fresh blood samples (Shaare Zedek Medical Center cohort) and postmortem brain tissues (NIH NeuroBioBank). Furthermore, they used a gradient-boosted machine learning (GBM) model to compare the predictive accuracy of the tRF ratio to traditional clinical scores like the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale. Additional experiments included overexpression and knockout of angiogenin (ANG), a tRNA-cleaving enzyme, and ribosomal profiling to examine the biological effects of RGTTCRA-tRF accumulation on protein synthesis.

Study Results

The study revealed distinct changes in transfer RNA fragments associated with PD. In cerebrospinal fluid, patients exhibited elevated levels of RGTTCRA-tRFs and decreased levels of MT-tRFs compared to controls and individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. This unique tRF profile was consistent in both sexes and showed no overlap with Alzheimer’s disease signatures. Similarly, brain tissue from the substantia nigra (the region most affected in PD) showed high RGTTCRA-tRF levels correlating with the presence of Lewy bodies, protein aggregates that are a hallmark of the disease.

Mitochondrial tRNA collapse: Postmortem brain tissue showed mitochondrial tRNA levels dropped as Parkinson’s advanced, mirroring CSF trends and highlighting organelle failure as a disease driver.

Blood analysis supported these findings. In postmortem samples, RGTTCRA-tRFs were significantly elevated while MT-tRFs were reduced. Early-stage, mutation-carrying patients displayed a higher RGTTCRA/MT-tRF ratio than healthy carriers of the same mutation. This pattern was consistent across ethnic backgrounds, though slightly less distinct in Black participants, paralleling trends in their clinical scores. Importantly, the GBM model using the tRF ratio achieved a diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve (AUC)) of 0.86, outperforming traditional clinical scores (AUC 0.73). The tRF signature also distinguished prodromal patients, those with early, non-motor symptoms, from healthy controls.

Dual qPCR tests confirmed that this ratio could reliably segregate patients from controls in both fresh blood and postmortem brain samples. Further, RGTTCRA-tRF levels decreased after deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment, aligning with clinical symptom relief. Patients treated with DBS showed reduced RGTTCRA-tRFs and decreased expression of angiogenin (ANG), indicating that DBS may suppress tRF production or alter their regulation.

Biological analyses provided insight into the potential pathogenic role of RGTTCRA-tRFs. These fragments showed strong sequence complementarity to ribosomal RNA and a leucine tRNA-derived fragment essential for protein translation (LeuCAG3′-tRF). Interaction modeling suggested that RGTTCRA-tRFs could bind both, creating a “dual-lock” mechanism that impairs translation initiation and elongation. Ribosomal profiling of depolarized neuroblastoma cells revealed reduced association of RGTTCRA-tRFs with ribosomes, supporting their role in translation disruption. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging confirmed close proximity between RGTTCRA-tRFs and ribosomes in live cells.

Conclusions

To summarize, this study presents compelling evidence that transfer RNA fragments (specifically, RGTTCRA-tRFs and MT-tRFs) can serve as early, non-invasive blood-based biomarkers for PD. Their distinct pattern enables accurate diagnosis even in prodromal stages, outperforming traditional clinical scoring. The dual qPCR test is fast, cost-effective, and sensitive, making it highly applicable in clinical settings. Moreover, these tRFs may play a role in disease progression by interfering with protein synthesis. While findings require validation in larger and more diverse cohorts, particularly in underrepresented ethnic groups, this biomarker strategy offers a promising path toward earlier detection, better monitoring, and more effective therapeutic intervention in PD.

Journal reference:

• Madrer, N., Vaknine-Treidel, S., Zorbaz, T. et al. Pre-symptomatic Parkinson’s disease blood test quantifying repetitive sequence motifs in transfer RNA fragments. Nat Aging (2025), DOI: 10.1038/s43587-025-00851-z, https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-025-00851-z

Prognostic Value of Adding Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Computed Tomography in Acute Ischemic Stroke

 What stupidity, an additional scan does not lead to better recovery! You don't understand cause and effect at all!

Prognostic Value of Adding Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Computed Tomography in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Kaixiang Chen, Jiafeng Ni, Bo Yin

First published: 15 April 2025

https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.23998

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Kaixiang Chen and Jiafeng Ni contributed equally to this study.

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ABSTRACT

Objective

To assess if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides additional benefits over computed tomography (CT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed adult AIS patients who underwent an initial CT scan and received intravenous thrombolysis using rt-PA, dividing them into two groups: MRI plus CT and CT alone. Propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis was employed to reduce confounding biases.

Results

After PSM, two matched groups (168 pairs, n = 336 patients) were generated. There were no significant differences in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0–2 or 0–1 at 3 months between the two groups (both p > 0.05). Patients in the MRI plus CT group had significantly lower incidence rates of 7-day mortality (3.0% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.04), 30-day mortality (11.3% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.02), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH, 11.9% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the MRI plus CT-based regimen significantly reduced the risks of 7-day (OR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01–0.18; p < 0.01) and 30-day mortality (OR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.13; p < 0.01), as well as SICH (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.76; p = 0.01).

Conclusion

The addition of MRI to CT enhances prognostic value in AIS patients, as it is associated with significantly reduced risks of mortality and SICH.

New Coalition Calls for Urgent Action to Address Rising Stroke Crisis

 So, the WSO is finally acknowledging their incompetence at getting stroke solved. If survivors were running it, we would get stroke solved. Incompetence is working on 'care'; NOT RECOVERY!

 New Coalition Calls for Urgent Action to Address Rising Stroke Crisis

World Stroke Organization launches first multisector movement to speed stroke care(NOT RECOVERY!) to patients around globe.

On April 9, 2025, the world’s first multisector advocacy movement dedicated to stroke — the Global Stroke Action Coalition — issued an urgent call to action to address growing inequities in stroke. Already a leading cause of death and disability, without intervention, the global burden of stroke is projected to rise by a further 50% over the next 25 years, claiming 100 million lives and costing US$1.6 trillion each year.  

At this afternoon’s launch, health and economic policy specialists, clinical experts and people with lived experience of stroke, will highlight key data and recommendations for action to address human and financial impact of stroke. Drawing on both data and the lived experiences of people affected by stroke, the Coalition will share their inaugural policy document Stroke Action Now which sets out evidence-based examples of interventions that can significantly advance progress on a disease that is largely:

• Preventable: 80% of the current stroke burden is linked to 10 modifiable risk factors. Identifying and managing hypertension alone could cut the rate of stroke in half.
• Treatable: Advances in clot removal and clot-busting technologies (thrombectomy and thrombolysis) can dramatically improve patient health outcomes, minimizing disability and reducing the economic impact of stroke.
• (NO, it's not, you have zero evidence for that statement! Treatable to a survivor is 100% recovery)

• I don't need to hear any lies about this meme from World Stroke Day a couple of years ago.

  

  What a lying piece of shit.

• 
  
• 
  
• Recoverable: Access to rehabilitation helps people regain independence and reduces the risk —and cost— of long-term disability. 

  WHAT ABSOLUTE FUCKING BULLSHIT! 'ACCESS' has almost nothing to do with recovery! ARE YOU THAT BLITHERINGLY STUPID?

Despite the clear opportunities, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation services are only available to a fraction of stroke patients. For example, only 3% of medically eligible patients currently receive thrombectomy, with 20-40% of healthcare settings worldwide yet to implement basic stroke rehabilitation services.

“The global burden of stroke has doubled in the past 30 years,” explains Coalition co- Chair, Professor Bo Norrving. “During that same period huge advances have been made across the care(NOT RECOVERY!) pathway that offer us an incredible opportunity to reduce inequitable health outcomes and make significant progress towards global health and development targets. Committing to the development of National Stroke Plans should be a key priority for governments as part of their forward strategy for prevention and control of NCDs. We can’t afford to wait another 30 years to turn this around. Millions of lives depend on governments taking action now.”

Coalition leaders are calling on governments attending the 4th High-Level UN Meeting on NCDs in September this year, to commit to five actions:

1. Making stroke a priority in NCD prevention and control strategies so that it becomes an explicit and integral part of national and internal health agendas.
2. Developing National Stroke Action Plans that address the entire care(NOT RECOVERY!) pathway and include measurable targets that respond to in-country needs.
3. Committing to funding evidence-based interventions and exploring innovative financing models, such as taxing harmful substances, to build domestic resources.
4. Implementing robust stroke monitoring systems that measure changes in the stroke burden and the provision and outcomes of stroke care(NOT RECOVERY!).
5. Including stroke survivors and caregivers in policy development and prioritize meaningful representation at all levels of decision-making.

The Coalition’s call comes at a defining moment. The upcoming UN High-Level Meeting is a rare opportunity for world leaders to shape the next 25 year’s of action on NCDs. Stroke must not be overlooked. The Coalition urges governments to seize this moment and ensure that stroke is recognized, prioritized, and acted upon.

ILC2 instructs neural stem and progenitor cells to potentiate neurorepair after stroke

 Do you really think your incompetent doctor and hospital can get human testing going and create protocols on this? If they don't, they just completely proved their incompetence! Why hasn't the board of directors been fired yet?

ILC2 instructs neural stem and progenitor cells to potentiate neurorepair after stroke

Gaoyu Liu^1,2,3,6 ∙ Huachen Huang^4,6 ∙ Ying Wang^2,6 ∙ … ∙ Ying Yu⁵ yuying@tmu.edu.cn ∙ Qiang Liu⁴ qliu@tmu.edu.cn ∙ Jie Zhou^1,2,7 zhoujie@tmu.edu.cn … Show more

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Highlights

•

Brain-infiltrated ILC2 attenuates neurological deficits post-stroke

•

ILC2s within the brain display unique immune profiles from those in the periphery

•

ILC2s promote neurogenesis and neuronal recovery post-stroke

•

ILC2-derived Areg expands neural progenitors in the SVZ post-stroke

Summary

Stroke affects approximately 1 in 6 individuals globally and is the leading cause of adult disability, which is attributed to neuronal damage and neurological impairments. The mechanisms by which the brain tissue microenvironment supports neurogenesis and neurorepair post-stroke remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we report that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) accumulate within the lesion core and subventricular zone (SVZ) during brain recovery following cerebral ischemia. Mice with ILC2 deficiency display impaired neurological scoring post-stroke. Mechanistic studies reveal that brain ILC2s enhance the proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) through the secretion of amphiregulin (Areg). Adoptive transfer of ILC2s or administration of Areg markedly improves neurological outcomes post-stroke. These findings demonstrate that ILC2s and their secreted products may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing neurorepair following brain injury.

Graphical abstract

Social Participation Restrictions Common Among Older Female Stroke Survivors

 This is because your stroke medical 'professionals' have completely failed you! By not having 100% recovery protocols!

Social Participation Restrictions Common Among Older Female Stroke Survivors

In the United States, older women who survive stroke commonly experience social participation restrictions.

Older stroke survivors in the United States, particularly women, commonly experience social participation restrictions possibly due to prestroke health and sex differences in social activities, according to study findings published in Stroke.

Sex differences in participation restriction and contributors to these differences among community-dwelling older stroke survivors were examined and compared with a similar population but without stroke history.

The investigators conducted a nationwide observational study using data from the US NHATS (National Health and Aging Trends Study; a nationally representative longitudinal study of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years), 2011 to 2022, to identify incident stroke survivors aged at least 65 years. NHATS oversamples individuals aged at least 90 years and non-Hispanic Black individuals. Participants self-reported via interview that they experienced restricted participation in the year of stroke onset for visiting friends and family and going out for enjoyment, as well as restricted participation in the past month in clubs, classes, and religious services.

These results suggest that future social or clinical interventions aimed at promoting poststroke social participation may need to be sex-specific.

Overall, 469 stroke survivors (56.6% women; 11.0% non-Hispanic Black) half of whom were aged 75 to 84 years, were included in the analysis. Women vs men were more likely to be older, less educated, not currently driving, living alone, widowed, and experience worse physical capacity with more activity limitations. Additionally, women tended to have more anxiety, lack access to technology, and have larger social networks. Similar sex differences were noted among a non-stroke comparator group. Stroke survivors, compared with those in the non-stroke population, were more likely to be older, less educated, widowed, have anxiety and depression, use technology, and have a smaller social network.

The investigators wrote that women vs men experienced a higher unadjusted prevalence of any participation restriction (40.3% vs 29.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.21-2.99) and restriction attending religious services (27.5% vs 19.0%; OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.08-3.02).

After individual adjustment for driving mobility, marital status, and physical capacity, these sex differences were mostly attenuated, more so following adjustment for activity limitations, living alone, and comorbidities. After simultaneously adjusting for all of these factors, no significant sex differences were found for any participation restrictions (adjusted [a]OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.70-2.65). The aOR for restrictions in religious service attendance was 1.36 (95% CI, 0.74-2.49).

Study limitations include possible temporal bias in assessment of post-stroke participation restriction, over-adjustment bias, and reporting bias in self-reports. Additionally, residual confounding was associated with lack of data on stroke severity.

“Social participation restrictions are prevalent among older stroke survivors, particularly for women, which appears to be attributable to sex differences in social factors and prestroke health,” the investigators concluded. “These results suggest that future social or clinical interventions aimed at promoting poststroke social participation may need to be sex-specific.”

This article originally appeared on The Cardiology Advisor

Efficacy and Dose of Rehabilitation Approaches for Severe Upper Limb Impairments and Disability During Early Acute and Subacute Stroke: A Systematic Review

 Beneficial is NOT GOOD ENOUGH! Survivors want 100% recovery! When the hell will you provide that? NEVER? So, you're OK with being a failure?

Efficacy and Dose of Rehabilitation Approaches for Severe Upper Limb Impairments and Disability During Early Acute and Subacute Stroke: A Systematic Review

Steff Doumen MSc 1 , Luca Sorba MSc 1 , Peter Feys PhD 1 , Lisa Tedesco Triccas PhD 1,2 1 Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL, University of Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium 2 Department for Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom

Abstract 

Objective. 

The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence regarding the efficacy of rehabilitation approaches for improving severe upper limb impairments and activity during acute and early subacute stroke, taking into consideration the dosage of therapy. 

Methods. 

Randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched by 2 independent researchers. Studies were selected if they involved active rehabilitation interventions that were conducted in the acute stage (<7 days after stroke) or the early subacute stage (>7 days–3 months after stroke), with the aim of improving severe upper limb motor impairments and disability. Data were extracted on the basis of the type and effect of rehabilitation interventions, and on the dosage (duration, frequency, session length, episode difficulty, and intensity). Study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Results. Twenty-three studies (1271 participants) with fair to good methodological quality were included. Only 3 studies were performed in the acute stage. Regardless of the type of intervention, upper limb rehabilitation was found to be beneficial for severe upper limb impairments and disability. Robotic therapy and functional electrical stimulation were identified as the most popular upper limb interventions; however, only a limited number of studies showed their superiority over a dose-matched control intervention for severe upper limb impairments in the subacute stage. A longer rehabilitation session length (<60 minutes) did not seem to have a larger impact on the magnitude of improved upper limb impairments.