Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Wednesday, March 16, 2022

Reflections on mirror therapy: a systematic review of the effect of mirror visual feedback on the brain

 Useless, reflections do nothing to help survivors. NO PROTOCOLS.

Reflections on mirror therapy: a systematic review of the effect of mirror visual feedback on the brain

 Deconinck FJA
1,2,*
(PhD), Smorenburg ARP
3
(PhD), Benham A
4
(PhD), Ledebt  A
5
(PhD), Feltham MG
6
(PhD), Savelsbergh GJP
5
(PhD)
 
1
 Ghent University (Belgium), Department of Movement and Sports Sciences
 
2
 Manchester Metropolitan University (UK), School of Healthcare Sciences
 
3
 Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute (USA)
 
4
Bradford Institute for Health Research (UK)
 
5
 VU University Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Research Institute MOVE
 
6
 University of Birmingham (UK), Primary Care Clinical Sciences
 
*Corresponding author: Ghent University Ð
 
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
 
Tel.: +32 (0)9 264 91 37
 
E-mail: Frederik.Deconinck@UGent.be
 
This paper is published in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. The final publication is available at Sage via http://dx.doi.org/[DOI:10.1177/1545968314546134]

 Abstract

Background:  
Mirror visual feedback (MVF), a phenomenon where movement of one limb is perceived as movement of the other limb, has the capacity to alleviate  phantom limb pain or promote motor recovery of the upper limbs after stroke. The tool has received great interest from health professionals, however, a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neural recovery owing to MVF is lacking.
 
Objective:  
We performed a systematic review to assess the effect of MVF on brain activation during a motor task. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases for neuroimaging studies investigating the effect of MVF on the brain. Key details for each study regarding participants, imaging methods and results were extracted.
 
Results: 
The database search yielded 347 papers, of which we identified 33 suitable for inclusion. Compared with a control condition, MVF increases neural activity in areas involved with allocation of attention and cognitive control (dorsolateral  prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, S1 and S2, precuneus). Apart from activation in the superior temporal gyrus and premotor cortex, there is little evidence that MVF activates the mirror neuron system. MVF increases the excitability of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) that projects to the ÔuntrainedÕ
 
hand/arm. There is also evidence for ipsilateral projections from the contralateral MI to the untrained/affected hand as a consequence of training with MVF. Conclusion: MVF can exert a strong influence on the motor network, mainly through increased cognitive penetration in action control, though the variance in methodology and the lack of studies that shed light on the functional connectivity between areas still limit insight into the actual underlying mechanisms.

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