A cross-sectional study on post-stroke depression and the quality of life

Why the fuck are you working on this secondary problem when the correct course of action is to prevent it from happening by having EXACT 100% RECOVERY PROTOCOLS?

Are you that blitheringly stupid along with your mentors and senior researchers that approved this crapola?

Send me hate mail on this: oc1dean@gmail.com. I'll print your complete statement with name and my response in my blog. Or are you afraid to engage with my stroke-addled mind?

The latest here: 

A cross-sectional study on post-stroke depression and the quality of life

• Qian-Ying Hu,
• Ya-Jing Chen,
• Juan Liu,
• Xue-Ping Zhao,
• Wen-Ya Feng,
• Jian-Bin Tian,
• Su-Juan Sun &
• Zi-Ning Li 

BMC Psychology volume 12, Article number: 646 (2024) Cite this article

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Abstract

Background

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common mood disorder associated with stroke. By investigating the differences in life quality factors among stroke survivors, the results of this study offer insights into how to better prevent and manage the onset and progression of depression.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional study that selected patients receiving treatment in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Hebei University Affiliated Hospital from September 1 to November 30, 2023. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: 1. Age ≥ 18 years; 2. Diagnosis of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke confirmed by imaging examination. The exclusion criteria included: 1. A history of psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety prior to the onset of the illness; 2. History of psychiatric medication use before the onset; 3. Functional impairments, such as speech, cognitive, or consciousness disorders, that hinder cooperation with the survey questionnaire. Ultimately, a total of 131 patients were included in the study. Based on the results of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), patients were divided into the PSD group and the non-PSD group. The primary evaluation metrics included the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), allowing for a comparison of demographic, clinical data, and evaluation metrics between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and GraphPad Prism version 9.0 was used for graphical representations.

Results

The morbidity rate of PSD in this study was 48%, which was slightly higher than the global statistical data. The demographic data did not show any statistical differences in terms of age, sex, history of smoking and drinking, or occupation, but they did show a significant difference in terms of education level (p < 0.05), which was primarily related to low education level in the PSD group. In contrast, the clinical data did not show any differences in terms of stroke type, pathogenic site, or medical history (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In this study, statistical results indicated no significant difference in the mRS between the two groups. However, the GSES, VAS, and FAS showed significant differences. This suggests a strong correlation between GSES, VAS, and FAS with the occurrence of PSD, indicating that these factors may serve as predictors for PSD. In medical practice, focusing on patients’ self-efficacy, pain, and fatigue levels could facilitate recovery. When developing rehabilitation plans, it is crucial to minimize patients’ feelings of self-defeat, enhance their self-efficacy, and manage fatigue effectively. Furthermore, reinforcing pain management throughout the rehabilitation process may promote more effective patient recovery.