If salt is so bad then write up a diet protocol on it and get it distributed worldwide. Not doing so means you have no followthru and this writeup was worthless.
Dietary salt promotes ischemic brain injury and is associated with parenchymal migrasome formation
Schmidt-Pogoda A1, Strecker JK1, Liebmann M1, Massoth C2, Beuker C1, Hansen U3, König S4, Albrecht S1, Bock S1, Breuer J1, Sommer C5, Schwab N1, Wiendl H1, Klotz L1, Minnerup J1.
Abstract
Sodium
chloride promotes vascular fibrosis, arterial hypertension,
pro-inflammatory immune cell polarization and endothelial dysfunction,
all of which might influence outcomes following stroke. But despite
enormous translational relevance, the functional importance of sodium
chloride in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke is still
unclear. In the current study, we show that high-salt diet leads to
significantly worse functional outcomes, increased infarct volumes, and a
loss of astrocytes and cortical neurons in acute ischemic stroke. While
analyzing the underlying pathologic processes, we identified the
migrasome as a novel, sodium chloride-driven pathomechanism in acute
ischemic stroke. The migrasome was previously described in vitro as a
migrating organelle, which incorporates and dispatches cytosol of
surrounding cells and plays a role in intercellular signaling, whereas a
pathophysiological meaning has not been elaborated. We here confirm
previously reported characteristics of the migrasome in vivo.
Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and proteomic analyses further
demonstrate that the migrasome incorporates and dispatches cytosol of
surrounding neurons following stroke. The clinical relevance of these
findings is emphasized by neuropathological examinations, which detected
migrasome formation in infarcted brain parenchyma of human stroke
patients. In summary, we demonstrate that high-salt diet aggravates
stroke outcomes, and we characterize the migrasome as a novel mechanism
in acute stroke pathophysiology.
- PMID:
- 30589884
- DOI:
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0209871
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