Sounds like it might be useful post-stroke but I bet you'll have to convince your doctor of that.
Original study back in April, 2013 but I bet your doctor and hospital did not do one fucking thing with it.
Gentle
sound stimulation—such as the rush of a waterfall—synchronized to the
rhythm of brain waves significantly enhanced deep sleep in older adults
and improved their ability to recall words, reports a new Northwestern
Medicine study.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. But beginning in middle age,
deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging.
The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test.
"This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that
may help improve brain health," said senior author Dr. Phyllis Zee,
professor of neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine and a Northwestern Medicine sleep specialist. "This is a
potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating
normal age-related memory decline."
The study was published March 8 in
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
In the study, 13 participants 60 and older received one night of
acoustic stimulation and one night of sham stimulation. The sham
stimulation procedure was identical to the acoustic one, but
participants did not hear any noise during sleep. For both the sham and
acoustic stimulation sessions, the individuals took a memory test at
night and again the next morning. Recall ability after the sham
stimulation generally improved on the morning test by a few percent.
However, the average improvement was three times larger after pink-noise
stimulation.
The older adults were recruited from the Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center at Northwestern.
The degree of
slow wave sleep
enhancement was related to the degree of memory improvement, suggesting
slow wave sleep remains important for memory, even in old age.
Although the Northwestern scientists have not yet studied the effect
of repeated nights of stimulation, this method could be a viable
intervention for longer-term use in the home, Zee said.
Previous research showed acoustic simulation played during deep sleep
could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been
tested in
older adults.
The new study targeted older individuals—who have much more to gain
memory-wise from enhanced deep sleep—and used a novel sound system that
increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older
populations.
The study used a new approach, which reads an individual's brain
waves in real time and locks in the gentle sound stimulation during a
precise moment of neuron communication during deep sleep, which varies
for each person.
During deep sleep, each brain wave or oscillation slows to about one
per second compared to 10 oscillations per second during wakefulness.
Giovanni Santostasi, a study coauthor, developed an algorithm that
delivers the sound during the rising portion of slow wave oscillations.
This stimulation enhances synchronization of the neurons' activity.
After the
sound stimulation, the older participants' slow waves increased during sleep.
Larger studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this method and
then "the idea is to be able to offer this for people to use at home,"
said first author Nelly Papalambros, a Ph.D. student in neuroscience
working in Zee's lab. "We want to move this to long-term, at-home
studies."
Northwestern scientists, under the direction of Dr. Roneil Malkani,
assistant professor of neurology at Feinberg and a Northwestern Medicine
sleep specialist, are currently testing the acoustic stimulation in
overnight sleep studies in patients with memory complaints. The goal is
to determine whether acoustic stimulation can enhance memory in adults
with mild cognitive impairment.
Previous studies conducted in individuals with
mild cognitive impairment
in collaboration with Ken Paller, professor of psychology at the
Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern, have demonstrated
a possible link between their sleep and their
memory impairments.
More information:
Nelly A. Papalambros et al.
Acoustic Enhancement of Sleep Slow Oscillations and Concomitant Memory
Improvement in Older Adults,
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (2017).
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00109
Read more at:
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-pink-noise-synced-brain-deepens.html#jCp
- 1Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine,
Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern
University, Chicago, IL, USA
- 2Biostatistics Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- 3Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- 4Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease
Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- 5Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Acoustic stimulation methods applied during sleep in young adults can
increase slow wave activity (SWA) and improve sleep-dependent memory
retention. It is unknown whether this approach enhances SWA and memory
in older adults, who generally have reduced SWA compared to younger
adults. Additionally, older adults are at risk for age-related cognitive
impairment and therefore may benefit from non-invasive interventions.
The aim of this study was to determine if acoustic stimulation can
increase SWA and improve declarative memory in healthy older adults.
Thirteen participants 60–84 years old completed one night of acoustic
stimulation and one night of sham stimulation in random order. During
sleep, a real-time algorithm using an adaptive phase-locked loop modeled
the phase of endogenous slow waves in midline frontopolar
electroencephalographic recordings. Pulses of pink noise were delivered
when the upstate of the slow wave was predicted. Each interval of five
pulses (“ON interval”) was followed by a pause of approximately equal
length (“OFF interval”). SWA during the entire sleep period was similar
between stimulation and sham conditions, whereas SWA and spindle
activity were increased during ON intervals compared to matched periods
during the sham night. The increases in SWA and spindle activity were
sustained across almost the entire five-pulse ON interval compared to
matched sham periods. Verbal paired-associate memory was tested before
and after sleep. Overnight improvement in word recall was significantly
greater with acoustic stimulation compared to sham and was correlated
with changes in SWA between ON and OFF intervals. Using the
phase-locked-loop method to precisely target acoustic stimulation to the
upstate of sleep slow oscillations, we were able to enhance SWA and
improve sleep-dependent memory storage in older adults, which
strengthens the theoretical link between sleep and age-related memory
integrity.
Introduction
As the population of adults over the age of 65 continues
to increase, it is critical to further elucidate the relationships
between sleep and cognitive function. Age-related cognitive decline can
be seen across multiple cognitive domains such as executive function,
processing speed, and memory (
Schaie et al., 1998).
A decline in hippocampal-dependent declarative memory, or the ability
to consciously recall facts and episodic knowledge, is a frequent
complaint of older adults (
Newson and Kemps, 2006) and a potential precursor to dementia (
Hohman et al., 2011).
Age-related decline in declarative memory typically has been attributed
to failures in encoding and/or retrieval of information (
Luo and Craik, 2008),
whereas consolidation has been under-emphasized. Although age is a
significant risk factor for memory loss and dementia, there may be
modifiable factors that also contribute to memory decline, such as
sleep.
Deep sleep, also known as slow wave sleep (SWS), may be
particularly relevant for understanding the intersection of sleep,
aging, and memory. SWS is characterized by slow waves in the delta
frequency band (0.5–4 Hz) of at least 75 μV. Slow wave activity (SWA), a
quantitative physiologic measure of SWS, is the electroencephalographic
(EEG) power in the delta frequency range. In young individuals, sleep
has been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation, and
sleep deprivation can disrupt the ability to encode and consolidate new
memories (
Rasch and Born, 2013). SWS appears to be particularly conducive to hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation (
Plihal and Born, 1997;
Born et al., 2006;
Marshall and Born, 2007). Furthermore, selective suppression of sleep slow waves leads to poor memory encoding (
Van Der Werf et al., 2011) and visuomotor learning (
Landsness et al., 2009).
The theory of active system consolidation of declarative memories
suggests that slow oscillations drive repeated reactivation of memory
traces in the hippocampus (
Born and Wilhelm, 2012;
Rasch and Born, 2013).
Consolidation, which results in strengthening of cortical
representations and decreased dependence on the hippocampus for
retrieval (
Paller, 2009), may be facilitated when the activity of thalamo-cortical network is synchronized via slow oscillations (
Diekelmann et al., 2009). In addition to SWS, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep may also contribute to consolidation of episodic (
Rauchs et al., 2004) and procedural memories (
Plihal and Born, 1997). At any rate, a key question is whether specific changes in sleep contribute to memory impairment in aging populations.
Sleep in older adults is characterized by frequent awakenings and a prominent reduction in REM, SWS, and SWA (
Ohayon et al., 2004;
Edwards et al., 2010). Although word pair recall in older adults has been associated with duration of non-REM/REM sleep cycles (
Mazzoni et al., 1999), REM sleep deprivation has been shown to have no effect on memory consolidation (
Hornung et al., 2007).
Much is unknown about the specific mechanisms of age-related changes in
sleep physiology, but recent evidence suggests that gray-matter atrophy
in the medial prefrontal cortex underlies age-related decline in SWA (
Mander et al., 2013b). SWA has indeed been shown to be associated with declarative memory performance in older adults (
Westerberg et al., 2012;
Mander et al., 2013b).
Given this evidence implicating SWA, it is biologically plausible that
memory storage can be enhanced in older adults by promoting slow wave
synchronization during sleep.
Manipulation of SWS provides a powerful tool both to
investigate causal relationships between sleep and memory, and to
improve memory consolidation. Whereas slow-oscillatory electrical
stimulation can increase SWA and boost memory in older adults (
Westerberg et al., 2015),
this methodology has practical limitations, due to setup complexity and
potential safety issues that would impede long-term use. In contrast,
acoustic stimulation has distinct advantages, such as feasibility for
repeated at-home use and individualized adjustments that could be
automated in real-time. In addition, SWA during stimulation can readily
be analyzed, which is not the case for electrical stimulation. Pulses of
pink noise targeted to the upstate of intrinsically generated slow
waves increased SWA and improved word pair recall in young adults (
Tononi et al., 2010;
Ngo et al., 2013b;
Ong et al., 2016), but such studies using acoustic stimulation in older adults are lacking.
The goal of the present study was to determine whether
acoustic stimulation in sleep can boost SWA and improve memory in older
adults. We developed an automated, adaptive algorithm that can monitor
the endogenous slow oscillatory activity in the EEG and phase-lock the
timing of acoustic stimuli to a desired phase of the slow wave (
Santostasi et al., 2016).
This phase-locked loop (PLL) has been previously utilized to deliver
intervals of acoustic pulses to the upstate of the slow wave during SWS
that resulted in an increase in SWA in young adults during daytime naps (
Ong et al., 2016;
Santostasi et al., 2016).
However, the feasibility of this method has not been tested in older
adults. We examined changes in memory using a randomized crossover
design comparing one night of acoustic stimulation to one night of sham
stimulation; in both conditions, participants completed a declarative
memory test before and after sleep.
Gentle
sound stimulation—such as the rush of a waterfall—synchronized to the
rhythm of brain waves significantly enhanced deep sleep in older adults
and improved their ability to recall words, reports a new Northwestern
Medicine study.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. But beginning in middle age,
deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging.
The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test.
"This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that
may help improve brain health," said senior author Dr. Phyllis Zee,
professor of neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine and a Northwestern Medicine sleep specialist. "This is a
potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating
normal age-related memory decline."
The study was published March 8 in
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
In the study, 13 participants 60 and older received one night of
acoustic stimulation and one night of sham stimulation. The sham
stimulation procedure was identical to the acoustic one, but
participants did not hear any noise during sleep. For both the sham and
acoustic stimulation sessions, the individuals took a memory test at
night and again the next morning. Recall ability after the sham
stimulation generally improved on the morning test by a few percent.
However, the average improvement was three times larger after pink-noise
stimulation.
The older adults were recruited from the Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center at Northwestern.
The degree of
slow wave sleep
enhancement was related to the degree of memory improvement, suggesting
slow wave sleep remains important for memory, even in old age.
Although the Northwestern scientists have not yet studied the effect
of repeated nights of stimulation, this method could be a viable
intervention for longer-term use in the home, Zee said.
Previous research showed acoustic simulation played during deep sleep
could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been
tested in
older adults.
The new study targeted older individuals—who have much more to gain
memory-wise from enhanced deep sleep—and used a novel sound system that
increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older
populations.
The study used a new approach, which reads an individual's brain
waves in real time and locks in the gentle sound stimulation during a
precise moment of neuron communication during deep sleep, which varies
for each person.
During deep sleep, each brain wave or oscillation slows to about one
per second compared to 10 oscillations per second during wakefulness.
Giovanni Santostasi, a study coauthor, developed an algorithm that
delivers the sound during the rising portion of slow wave oscillations.
This stimulation enhances synchronization of the neurons' activity.
After the
sound stimulation, the older participants' slow waves increased during sleep.
Larger studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this method and
then "the idea is to be able to offer this for people to use at home,"
said first author Nelly Papalambros, a Ph.D. student in neuroscience
working in Zee's lab. "We want to move this to long-term, at-home
studies."
Northwestern scientists, under the direction of Dr. Roneil Malkani,
assistant professor of neurology at Feinberg and a Northwestern Medicine
sleep specialist, are currently testing the acoustic stimulation in
overnight sleep studies in patients with memory complaints. The goal is
to determine whether acoustic stimulation can enhance memory in adults
with mild cognitive impairment.
Previous studies conducted in individuals with
mild cognitive impairment
in collaboration with Ken Paller, professor of psychology at the
Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern, have demonstrated
a possible link between their sleep and their
memory impairments.
More information:
Nelly A. Papalambros et al.
Acoustic Enhancement of Sleep Slow Oscillations and Concomitant Memory
Improvement in Older Adults,
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (2017).
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00109
Read more at:
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-pink-noise-synced-brain-deepens.html#jCp