And the next study should be how to cure these. But that won't occur since we have NO stroke leadership and NO stroke strategy. You're screwed if you have a stroke. NO one in the world knows how to get you to 100% recovery. I had minor left neglect which spontaneously recovered.
https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2017/10/12/new-study-examines-full-range-of-post-stroke-visual-impairments/
A new University of Liverpool study, published today in Wiley Brain and Behaviour, examines the wide range of visual impairments developed by stroke survivors.
Approximately 65% of acute stroke survivors have visual impairment
which typically relates to impaired central or peripheral vision, eye
movement abnormalities, or visual perceptual defects.
Symptoms can include blurred or altered vision, double or jumbled
vision, loss of visual field, reading difficulty, inability to recognize
familiar objects or people and glare.
Post stroke visual impairment (PSVI) is currently an under researched
area. However the full range of impairments is currently unknown.
915 post-stroke patients
In order to profile the full range of visual disorders researchers
from the University’s Department of Health Services Research, led by Dr Fiona Rowe, examined the visual impairment screening/referral forms from 915 post-stroke patients from 20 NHS hospital trusts.
The researchers found that the average number of days post-stroke onset before a visual assessment was conducted was 22.
Once assessed 92% were confirmed to have a visual impairment, of these:
• 24% had reduced clarity of vision (central visual acuity)
• 16% percent of those with a visual impairment had developed a squint (strabismus)
• 68% had impairments to the way their eye or eyes moved (ocular motility disorders)
• Peripheral visual field loss was present in 52%
• 15% had developed a condition causing them to ignore
everything on one side of their visual world. The condition, known as
visual inattention, usually affects people who have had a right sided
stroke and they ignore things on their left side
Overall 84% were visually symptomatic with visual field loss the most
common complaint followed by blurred vision, reading difficulty, and
diplopia.
Wide range of disorders
Treatment options were provided to all with confirmed visual
impairment. Targeted advice was most commonly provided along with
refraction, prisms, and occlusion.
Of the research Dr Rowe,
said: “There are a wide range of visual disorders that occur following
stroke and, frequently, with visual symptoms. There are equally a wide
variety of treatment options available for these individuals.
“Our research highlights the fact that ALL stroke survivors require
early screening for visual impairment and warrant referral for
specialist assessment and targeted treatment specific to the type of
visual impairment.”
The full paper, entitled ‘Vision In Stroke cohort: Profile overview of visual impairment’, can be found here.
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.771
Abstract
Background
Patient-specific performance assessment
of arm movements in daily life activities is fundamental for
neurological rehabilitation therapy. In most applications, the shoulder
movement is simplified through a socket-ball joint, neglecting the
movement of the scapular-thoracic complex. This may lead to significant
errors. We propose an innovative bi-articular model of the human
shoulder for estimating the position of the hand in relation to the
sternum. The model takes into account both the scapular-toracic and
gleno-humeral movements and their ratio governed by the scapular-humeral
rhythm, fusing the information of inertial and textile-based strain
sensors.
Method
To feed the reconstruction algorithm
based on the bi-articular model, an ad-hoc sensing shirt was developed.
The shirt was equipped with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) and an
integrated textile strain sensor. We built the bi-articular model
starting from the data obtained in two planar movements (arm abduction
and flexion in the sagittal plane) and analysing the error between the
reference data - measured through an optical reference system - and the
socket-ball approximation of the shoulder. The 3D model was developed by
extending the behaviour of the kinematic chain revealed in the planar
trajectories through a parameter identification that takes into account
the body structure of the subject.
Result
The bi-articular model was evaluated in
five subjects in comparison with the optical reference system. The
errors were computed in terms of distance between the reference position
of the trochlea (end-effector) and the correspondent model estimation.
The introduced method remarkably improved the estimation of the position
of the trochlea (and consequently the estimation of the hand position
during reaching activities) reducing position errors from 11.5 cm to 1.8
cm.
Conclusion
Thanks to the developed bi-articular
model, we demonstrated a reliable estimation of the upper arm kinematics
with a minimal sensing system suitable for daily life monitoring of
recovery.