Correlation, but WHAT IS THE REAL CAUSE? Do some research to find out. I could just as easily speculate that those who are skipping breakfast are already obese/overweight and are skipping breakfast to lose weight. The cause is their pre-existing obesity and not skipping breakfast. Bad research conclusion. What is needed is a cause and effect explanation of why skipping breakfast seems to cause this. This research was useless in providing answers.
Skipping Breakfast May Increase Stroke and Heart Risks
Eating breakfast could be a simple way to promote cardiovascular health, one researcher says.
Skipping breakfast may increase your risk for cardiovascular disease.
The connection, found in a study of 6,550 adults aged 65 to 75, was particularly strong for stroke.
Almost
60 percent of the participants had breakfast every day, a quarter on
some days, and 16 percent rarely or never. All were free of heart
disease at the start of the study. Over an average 17 years of follow-up
there were 2,318 deaths, including 619 from cardiovascular diseases.
People who never ate breakfast were more likely to be obese and have high cholesterol, but the observational study, in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, controlled for these and many other health, behavioral and socioeconomic factors.
Compared
with those who had breakfast every day, those who skipped the meal had
an 87 percent increased risk for death from any cardiovascular disease
and a 19 percent increased risk for all-cause death. Breakfast skippers
had a 59 percent increased risk of developing heart disease, and more
than triple the risk of stroke.
“Many
studies have shown that skipping breakfast is related to a higher risk
of diabetes, hypertension” and high cholesterol, said the lead author,
Dr. Wei Bao, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of
Iowa. “Our study suggests that eating breakfast could be a simple way
to promote cardiovascular health.
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