Why are you studying stem cells since exosomes seem to be the responsible actor? Your mentors and senior researchers incompetently don't know about it?
For our researchers to absorb since stem cells create exosomes which are the drivers of the benefits.
Exosome Derived from Human Neural Stem Cells Improves Motor Activity and Neurogenesis in a Traumatic Brain Injury Model August 2022
Strategies for Targeted Delivery of Exosomes to the Brain: Advantages and Challenges December 2021?
The latest here:
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: Novel insight into the crosstalk with immune cells
Nana Tan
Wenqiang Xin
Min Huang1* and - 1Department of Health Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- 4Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Stroke, a cerebrovascular accident, is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is emerging as a promising treatment for alleviating neurological deficits, as indicated by a great number of animal and clinical studies. The potential of regulating the immune system is currently being explored as a therapeutic target after ischemic stroke. This study will discuss recent evidence that MSCs can harness the immune system by interacting with immune cells to boost neurologic recovery effectively. Moreover, a notion will be given to MSCs participating in multiple pathological processes, such as increasing cell survival angiogenesis and suppressing cell apoptosis and autophagy in several phases of ischemic stroke, consequently promoting neurological function recovery. We will conclude the review by highlighting the clinical opportunities for MSCs by reviewing the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSCs therapy.
Introduction
Stroke is responsible for almost six million deaths, at least 10% of all mortalities yearly, and two-thirds of stroke survivors remain disabled (1). Worldwide, over 80 million people have survived a stroke; 70% of incident strokes are ischemic (1). Although recent evolutions of thrombectomy technology, as well as improvements in imaging devices, have achieved ground-breaking changes in ischemic stroke therapy (2), given its narrow therapeutic time window and the concern of hemorrhagic complications (3), thrombolysis is still not performed routinely (4). In this context, it is urgent to yield neurorestorative treatments for abrogating stroke-induced neurological deficits for both basic scientists and clinical researchers. Cell therapy is emerging as a promising novel modality for facilitating neurologic recovery after a stroke (5). Harnessing the immune system to function and effectively boost neurologic recovery has transitioned from a theoretical possibility to a viable therapeutic option for ischemic stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is an attractive therapy method because they have the potential for proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties (6, 7). While the MSCs can be derived from any type of tissue beyond the bone marrow, adipose, and placenta, these MSCs share the same core attributes of ability to cell migration patterns and behave as immunomodulatory cells (8–10). In addition to immunomodulation, growing evidence demonstrates that MSCs are involved in multiple pathological processes by targeting series downstream. Such downstream activities include the inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy and the promotion of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptic remodeling in several phases of ischemic stroke (11, 12). MSCs may also be an ideal candidate for cell transplantation therapy for ischemic stroke. Despite growing evidence indicating that MSCs may improve neurological function under pathological conditions, including stroke (13, 14), data on the interaction between MSCs and immunomodulation is limited. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of MSCs both in preclinical studies and in clinical stroke trials. We also consider the mutual crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells under stroke conditions.
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