What are the next steps to prevent this cognitive decline? No next steps, I'd fire all of you. Useless.
Functional MRI and ApoE4 genotype for predicting cognitive decline in amyloid-positive individuals
Abstract
Background:
In
light of advancements in machine learning techniques, many studies have
implemented machine learning approaches combined with data measures to
predict and classify Alzheimer’s disease. Studies that predicted
cognitive status with longitudinal follow-up of amyloid-positive
individuals remain scarce, however.
Objective:
We developed models based on voxel-wise functional connectivity (FC) density mapping and the presence of the ApoE4 genotype to predict whether amyloid-positive individuals would experience cognitive decline after 1 year.
Methods:
We
divided 122 participants into cognitive decline and stable cognition
groups based on the participants’ change rates in Mini-Mental State
Examination scores. In addition, we included 68 participants from
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database as an
external validation data set. Subsequently, we developed two
classification models: the first model included 99 voxels, and the
second model included 99 voxels and the ApoE4 genotype as
features to train the models by Wide Neural Network algorithm with
fivefold cross-validation and to predict the classes in the hold-out
test and ADNI data sets.
Results:
The
results revealed that both models demonstrated high accuracy in
classifying the two groups in the hold-out test data set. The model for
FC demonstrated good performance, with a mean F1-score of 0.86. The model for FC combined with the ApoE4 genotype achieved superior performance, with a mean F1-score of 0.90. In the ADNI data set, the two models demonstrated stable performances, with mean F1-scores of 0.77 in the first and second models.
Conclusion:
Our
findings suggest that the proposed models exhibited promising accuracy
for predicting cognitive status after 1 year in amyloid-positive
individuals. Notably, the combination of FC and the ApoE4
genotype increased prediction accuracy. These findings can assist
clinicians in predicting changes in cognitive status in individuals with
a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease and can assist future studies in
developing precise treatment and prevention strategies.
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