Strokes caused when a blood vessel ruptures, resulting in bleeding in the brain, are known as hemorrhagic strokes, which make up 13% of all strokes[1]. They are often more severe and result in greater disability than ischemic strokes, which are caused by a blockage in a brain blood vessel.

The American Stroke Association, a division of the American Heart Association, the world’s leading nonprofit organization focused on heart and brain health for all, emphasize the importance of acting quickly at the first signs of a stroke. The acronym F.A.S.T. helps identify stroke symptoms:

  • Face drooping: One side of the face may droop or feel numb.
  • Arm weakness: One arm may feel weak or numb.
  • Speech difficulty: Speech may become slurred or hard to understand.
  • Time to call 9-1-1: If you observe these signs, seek emergency help immediately.

Although not called out in the F.A.S.T. acronym, a “thunderclap” or sudden, very severe headache, as has been mentioned in recent news stories, is associated with hemorrhagic stroke.

“Personal stories of stroke survival remind us how critical it is to recognize the warning signs and act quickly," said Mitchell S.V. Elkind, M.D., M.S., FAAN, FAHA, chief clinical science officer, stroke neurologist, and past volunteer president of the American Heart Association. "Understanding the symptoms and seeking immediate help are critical to recovery."

A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts or ruptures. It is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the U.S., despite stroke being largely preventable, treatable and beatable. Black Americans have a disproportionately higher prevalence of stroke and higher death rate from stroke compared to any other racial group[2]. 

Treatment options depend on the type of stroke. Aspirin may make bleeding worse for patients having hemorrhagic stroke. Individuals experiencing symptoms should seek emergency treatment by calling 911 to receive appropriate testing and treatment. Brain imaging, such as a CT scan of the head, is needed to distinguish bleeding strokes from those caused by blockages.

To learn more about lowering your risk for stroke, visit www.stroke.org.

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