https://www.mdlinx.com/journal-summaries/acute-ischemic-stroke-computed-tomographic-angiography/2018/09/13/7544241/ZZ3559DFF1FDFD43F3965FF05AF76C7B18?
JAMA — Menon BK, et al. | September 13, 2018
In patients with ischemic stroke treated
with intravenous alteplase or not treated with alteplase, researchers
tested recanalization over time across a range of intracranial thrombus
occlusion sites and clinical and imaging characteristics in this
multicenter prospective cohort study. Findings suggested an association
of more distal thrombus location, greater thrombus permeability, and
longer time to recanalization assessment with recanalization of arterial
occlusion after administration of intravenous alteplase in patients
with acute ischemic stroke. It was noted that rates of arterial
recanalization were low among patients who did not receive alteplase. In
patients with acute ischemic stroke, these findings might help inform
treatment and triage decisions.
Methods
- Study participants were 575 subjects from 12 centers (in Canada, Spain, South Korea, the Czech Republic, and Turkey) with acute ischemic stroke and intracranial arterial occlusion demonstrated on computed tomographic angiography (CTA).
- Main exposures analyzed were demographics, clinical characteristics, time from alteplase to recanalization, and intracranial thrombus characteristics (location and permeability) defined on CTA.
- Main outcomes and measures analyzed were recanalization on repeat CTA or on first angiographic acquisition of affected intracranial circulation obtained within 6 hours of baseline CTA, characterized utilizing the revised arterial occlusion scale (rAOL) (scores from 0 [primary occlusive lesion remains the same] to 3 [complete revascularization of primary occlusion]).
Results
- The study results showed that among 575 subjects (median age, 72 years [IQR, 63-80]; 51.5% men; median time from patient last known well to baseline CTA of 114 minutes [IQR, 74-180]), 275 patients (47.8%) received intravenous alteplase only, 195 (33.9%) received intravenous alteplase plus endovascular thrombectomy, 48 (8.3%) received endovascular thrombectomy alone, and 57 (9.9%) received conservative treatment.
- It was noted that median time from baseline CTA to recanalization assessment was 158 minutes (IQR, 79-268).
- Median time from intravenous alteplase start to recanalization assessment was 132.5 minutes (IQR, 62-238).
- Findings revealed that successful recanalization occurred at an unadjusted rate of 27.3% (157/575) overall, including in 30.4% (143/470) of patients who received intravenous alteplase and 13.3% (14/105) who did not (difference, 17.1% [95% CI, 10.2%-25.8%]).
- The following factors were related to recanalization: time from treatment start to recanalization assessment (OR, 1.28 for every 30-minute increase in time [95% CI, 1.18-1.38]), more distal thrombus location, eg, distal M1 middle cerebral artery (39/84 [46.4%]) vs internal carotid artery (10/92 [10.9%]) (OR, 5.61 [95% CI, 2.38-13.26]), and higher residual flow (thrombus permeability) grade, eg, hairline streak (30/45 [66.7%]) vs none (91/377 [24.1%]) (OR, 7.03 [95% CI, 3.32-14.87]) among patients receiving alteplase.
Read the full article on JAMA
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