Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Tuesday, September 18, 2018

Total Flavonoids in Caragana (TFC) Promotes Angiogenesis and Enhances Cerebral Perfusion in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

Never mind, this is in a rat and will never be tested in humans with our non-existent stroke leadership.
Total Flavonoids in Caragana (TFC) Promotes Angiogenesis and Enhances Cerebral Perfusion in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke 
Qiansong He1*†, Shirong Li2†, Lailai Li1†, Feiran Hu1, Ning Weng1, Xiaodi Fan3 and Shixiang Kuang1
  • 1Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
  • 2Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
  • 3Department of Experimental Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Previous studies have demonstrated that total flavonoid extracts from Caragana sinica (TFC) exert multiple therapeutic effects, promote blood flow, and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate whether TFC promotes angiogenesis and exerts neuroprotective effects in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Male Wistar rats were subjected to tMCAO for 1.5 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. TFC (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days. Evaluations of neurological function were performed following reperfusion, and infarct volumes were assessed in brain slices stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Our results indicated that TFC significantly attenuated cerebral infarct volume and neurological deficits following tMCAO. Laser Doppler, micro-PET/CT, and MRI analyses further demonstrated that TFC reduced infarct volume and enhanced cerebral blood flow in a dose-dependent manner, with the most significant effects occurring at a concentration of 60 mg/kg. Significant up-regulation of CD31, VEGF, Ang-1, HIF-1α, delta-like 4 (Dll4), and Notch1 expression was also observed in the experimental groups, relative to that in the vehicle group. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that TFC (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) attenuates neurological deficits, reduces infarct volume, and promotes angiogenesis following MCAO in a concentration-dependent manner, likely via increases in the expression of CD31, VEGF, Ang-1, HIF-1α, Dll4, and Notch1. Further studies are required to determine the clinical usefulness and potential mechanisms of TFC in patients with cerebral focal ischemic stroke.

Introduction

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. As most cases of stroke occur due to ischemia, the need for more effective treatment strategies for ischemic stroke remains urgent (Bacigaluppi et al., 2008). In the ischemic brain, blood supply is severely reduced in the affected areas, eventually leading to cell death/apoptosis due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients (Plate, 1999). Accumulating evidence demonstrates that ischemic brain injury can be attenuated by restoring cerebral blood flow and rescuing dying neurons (Matsumoto et al., 1990; Zhang et al., 2002; Hoang et al., 2009). Indeed, thrombolytic and neuroprotective therapies represent the two primary measures currently used to treat acute cerebral infarction. Recent research has focused on the development of agents that induce angiogenesis and exert neuroprotective effects in an effort to cure ischemic stroke. Natural compounds such as medicinal herbs, which are associated with fewer adverse effects than standard medications, may allow for safe and effective induction of angiogenesis and neuroprotection (Pierre et al., 1999).
Caragana sinica (Fabaceae), commonly known as Chinese peashrub, is widely distributed throughout China, particularly in Mongolia and Tibet. Since the 10th century, Caragana sinica has been used in the treatment of a variety of symptoms (e.g., colds, strains, fatigue, wheezing) (Jia et al., 1997). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Caragana sinica improves blood profiles, facilitates blood flow, clears lung-heat, promotes kidney and spleen function, and aids in the healing of bruises/contusions (Jiangsu New Medical College, 1986). In our previous chemical constituent analysis, we revealed that flavonoids contained within ethyl acetate extracts of the Caragana sinica root exhibit multifaceted bioactivity (He et al., 2017). Previous studies have reported that flavonoids—which are defined as polyphenols that exert cytoprotective effects—exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidative, antiviral, and antibacterial properties (Wang et al., 2010, 2014; Al-Nakkash et al., 2012; Li et al., 2012; Lim et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2015; He et al., 2017). Recently, we have investigated the effects of flavonoids and several known compounds derived from Caragana sinica [total flavonoids in caragana (TFC)], including quercetin, 6,3′-dimethoxy-7,5′-dihydroxy isoflavone, caraphenol C, and (-)-ampelopsin F (Figure 1) on ischemic brain injury. In particular, we aimed to determine whether and how TFC enhances angiogenesis in rodent models of stroke.

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