I see nothing here that suggests that an objective damage diagnosis was done before the DNR was written. You better hope like hell this doesn't happen to you, you better be awake and cognizant to dispute this. You better not be transported to one of these fast DNR hospitals, you won't make it out alive. Is the DNR because of co-morbidities or because of the extremely difficult work of stopping the bleed and the hospital doesn't have the staff to accomplish that? Is this before or after the bleed is stopped?
Early Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Neurocritical Care
(2020)
Abstract
Background
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are commonly used after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and have been shown to be a predictor of mortality independent of disease severity(So you don't know the severity? WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU DOING?). We determined the frequency of early DNR orders in ICH patients and whether a previously reported association with increased mortality still exists.Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients discharged from non-federal California hospitals with a primary diagnosis of ICH from January 2013 through December 2014. Characteristics included hospital ICH volume and type and whether DNR order was placed within 24 h of admission (early DNR order). The risk of in-hospital mortality was evaluated both on the individual and hospital level using multivariable analyses. A case mix-adjusted hospital DNR index was calculated for each hospital by comparing the actual number of DNR cases with the expected number of DNR cases from a multivariate model.Results
A total of 9,958 patients were treated in 180 hospitals. Early DNR orders were placed in 20.1% of patients and 54.2% of these patients died during their hospitalization compared to 16.0% of patients without an early DNR order. For every 10% increase in a hospital’s utilization of early DNR orders, there was a corresponding 26% increase in the likelihood of in-hospital mortality. Patients treated in hospitals within the highest quartile of adjusted DNR use had a higher relative risk of death compared to the lowest quartile (RR 3.9 vs 5.2) though the trend across quartiles was not statistically significant.Conclusions
The use of early DNR orders for ICH continues to be a strong predictor of in-hospital mortality. However, patients treated at hospitals with an overall high or low use of early DNR had similar relative risks of death whether or not there was an early DNR order, suggesting that such orders may not be a proxy for less aggressive care as seen previously.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.
References
- 1.Feigin VL, Lawes CMM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:355–69.
- 2.van Asch CJ, Luitse MJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Tweel I, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:167–76.
- 3.Rincon F, Mayer SA. The epidemiology of intracerebral hemorrhage in the United States from 1979 to 2008. Neurocrit Care. 2013;19:95–102.
- 4.Davis SM, Broderick J, Hennerici M, Brun NC, Diringer MN, Mayer SA, et al. Hematoma growth is a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2006;66:1175–81.
- 5.Hemphill JC, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32:891–7.
- 6.Morgenstern LB, Zahuranec DB, Sánchez BN, Becker KJ, Geraghty M, Hughes R, et al. Full medical support for intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2015;84:1739–44.
- 7.Becker KJ, Baxter AB, Cohen WA, Bybee HM, Tirschwell DL, Newell DW, et al. Withdrawal of support in intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. Neurology. 2001;56:766–72.
- 8.Hemphill JC, Newman J, Zhao S, Johnston SC. Hospital usage of early do-not-resuscitate orders and outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2004;35:1130–4.
- 9.Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, Hanley D, Kase C, Krieger D, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007;116:e391–413.
- 10.Zahuranec DB, Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, Gonzales NR, Longwell PJ, Smith MA, et al. Early care limitations independently predict mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;68:1651–7.
- 11.Beach MC, Morrison RS. the effect of do-not-resuscitate orders on physician decision-making. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:2057–61.
- 12.Xian Y, Holloway RG, Smith EE, Schwamm LH, Reeves MJ, Bhatt DL, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in process of care and outcomes among patients hospitalized with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2014;45:3243–50.
- 13.Silvennoinen K, Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Kaste M, Tatlisumak T. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Stroke. 2014;9:53–8.
- 14.Zurasky JA, Aiyagari V, Zazulia AR, Shackelford A, Diringer MN. Early mortality following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2005;64:725–7.
- 15.Sembill JA, Gerner ST, Volbers B, Bobinger T, Lücking H, Kloska SP, et al. Severity assessment in maximally treated ICH patients: the max-ICH score. Neurology. 2017;89:423–31.
- 16.Naidech AM, Bernstein RA, Bassin SL, Garg RK, Liebling S, Bendok BR, et al. How patients die after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11:45–9.
- 17.Suarez JI, Zaidat OO, Suri MF, Feen ES, Lynch G, Hickman J, et al. Length of stay and mortality in neurocritically ill patients: impact of a specialized neurocritical care team. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:2311–7.
- 18.Diringer MN, Edwards DF. Admission to a neurologic/neurosurgical intensive care unit is associated with reduced mortality rate after intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:635–40.
- 19.González-Pérez A, Gaist D, Wallander M-A, McFeat G, García-Rodríguez LA. Mortality after hemorrhagic stroke: data from general practice (the health improvement network). Neurology. 2013;81:559–65.
- 20.Béjot Y, Grelat M, Delpont B, Durier J, Rouaud O, Osseby G-V, et al. Temporal trends in early case-fatality rates in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2017;88:985–90.
- 21.Poon MTC, Fonville AF, Al-Shahi SR. Long-term prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85:660–7.
- 22.Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, Murray GD, Teasdale GM, Hope DT, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the international surgical trial in intracerebral haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365:387–97.
- 23.Ziai WC, Siddiqui AA, Ullman N, Herrick DB, Yenokyan G, McBee N, et al. Early therapy intensity level (TIL) predicts mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2015;23:188–97.
- 24.Qureshi AI, Majidi S, Chaudhry SA, Qureshi MH, Suri MFK. Validation of intracerebral hemorrhage-specific intensity of care quality metrics. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;22:661–7.
- 25.Tomlinson T, Brody H. Ethics and communication in do-not-resuscitate orders. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:43–6.
- 26.Richardson DK, Zive D, Daya M, Newgard CD. The impact of early do not resuscitate (DNR) orders on patient care and outcomes following resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2013;84:483–7.
- 27.Fuchs L, Anstey M, Feng M, Toledano R, Kogan S, Howell MD, et al. Quantifying the mortality impact of do-not-resuscitate orders in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017;45:1019–27.
- 28.Zahuranec DB, Morgenstern LB, Sánchez BN, Resnicow K, White DB, Hemphill JC. Do-not-resuscitate orders and predictive models after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2010;75:626–33.
- 29.Creutzfeldt CJ, Becker KJ, Weinstein JR, Khot SP, McPharlin TO, Ton TG, et al. Do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders and prognostic models for intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:158–62.
- 30.Zahuranec DB, Fagerlin A, Sánchez BN, Roney ME, Thompson BB, Fuhrel-Forbis A, et al. Variability in physician prognosis and recommendations after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2016;86:1864–71.
- 31.Kelly PJ, Furie KL, Shafqat S, Rallis N, Chang Y, Stein J. Functional recovery following rehabilitation after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:968–72.
- 32.Katrak PH, Black D, Peeva V. Do stroke patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have a better functional outcome than patients with cerebral infarction? PM R. 2009;1:427–33.
- 33.Sreekrishnan A, Leasure AC, Shi F-D, Hwang DY, Schindler JL, Petersen NH, et al. Functional improvement among intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) survivors up to 12 months post-injury. Neurocrit Care. 2017;27:326–33.
No comments:
Post a Comment