How is your doctor testing your gut microbiota to make sure your neurogenesis is working properly?
The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Neurogenesis:Evidence and Hopes
Fiorella Sarubbo 1,2 , Virve Cavallucci 3,4,* and Giovambattista Pani 3,4,*
1 Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands UIB, 07122 Palma, Spain; fiorella.sarubbo@uib.es
2 Research Unit, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa),
07198 Palma, Spain
3 Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
4
Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
* Correspondence: v.cavallucci@gmail.com (V.C.); giovambattista.pani@unicatt.it (G.P.)
Abstract:
Adult neurogenesis (i.e., the life-long generation of new neurons from undifferentiated
neuronal precursors in the adult brain) may contribute to brain repair after damage, and participates
in plasticity-related processes including memory, cognition, mood and sensory functions. Among the
many intrinsic (oxidative stress, inflammation, and ageing), and extrinsic (environmental pollution,
lifestyle, and diet) factors deemed to impact neurogenesis, significant attention has been recently
attracted by the myriad of saprophytic microorganismal communities inhabiting the intestinal
ecosystem and collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. A growing body of evidence, mainly
from animal studies, reveal the influence of microbiota and its disease-associated imbalances on neural
stem cell proliferative and differentiative activities in brain neurogenic niches. On the other hand, the
long-claimed pro-neurogenic activity of natural dietary compounds endowed with antioxidants and
anti-inflammatory properties (such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or pro/prebiotics)
may be mediated, at least in part, by their action on the intestinal microflora. The purpose of this
review is to summarise the available information regarding the influence of the gut microbiota on
neurogenesis, analyse the possible underlying mechanisms, and discuss the potential implications of
this emerging knowledge for the fight against neurodegeneration and brain ageing.
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