You'll have to hope someone in stroke uses this to update the stroke strategy. That will never occur, we have NO leadership and NO strategy.
The “cell atlas” of the cerebrovascular system connects stroke with new immune cells
Cerebrovascular imaging. Credits: © Michel Royon / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
In a study to enhance research on diseases such as stroke and dementia, researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, cataloged all the cells that make up the blood vessels in the human brain, along with their locations and the genes transcribed in each. Did.
Atlas characterizes over 40 previously unknown cell types, including a population of immune cells whose communication with vascular cells in the brain contributes to hemorrhagic stroke bleeding. This catastrophic form of stroke accounts for 10 to 15 percent of all strokes in the United States, primarily among young people. About half of hemorrhagic strokes are fatal.
Scientists said the findings would be the basis for new research on the cerebrovascular system around the world.
Ethan Winkler, MD, a neurosurgeon and researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, said: Weill Institute for Neurosciences and one of the lead authors of this study Chemistry..
Tangles in the vascular system of the brain
The team includes Adib Abla, an associate professor of neurosurgery, MD and Daniel Lim, MD, Ph.D., a professor of neurosurgery. Led by Tomasz Nowakowski, Ph.D., both members of the UCSF Weill Institute for Neuroscience. , Arteriovenous malformations, or AVM analyzed cells, often poorly formed arterial entanglements in the brain that are responsible for hemorrhagic stroke. They compared AVM with a sample of normal cerebrovascular system from five volunteers who had already undergone epileptic brain surgery. Ranked # 1 in Neurosurgery by US News, UCSF is a leading national center for brain AVM surgery and care.
Some of the 44 samples of AVM tissue obtained during delicate surgery performed by neurosurgery chief Abla were removed intact from the patient’s brain, while others only after they began to bleed. It has been removed. Three types of tissue, normal intact AVM and bleeding AVM, gave researchers a more complete picture of the difference between how cells function normally and how they function in a variety of medical conditions.
The team, in collaboration with the Cerebrovascular Research Center, used a single-cell mRNA sequence in over 180,000 cells to identify genes expressed in different samples and align gene expression with cell location. rice field. Later, Chang Kim, a graduate student in UCSF bioinformatics and co-lead author of the study, developed a computer analysis comparing gene expression in normal and affected cells.
Surprise of immune cells
The results revealed a population of immune cells that appear to cause stroke by communicating with the smooth muscle cells of the affected artery and weakening them, as well as various new cell types. Scientists suspect that the immune system may be activated by malformations such as AVM. However, Nowakowski says, “Without this study, we cannot identify this very specific cell population in the blood that can be a major contributor to the progression of the disease.”
Identifying these specific immune cells will completely change the way researchers think about treating this type of vascular disease, he added. If cells circulate in the blood, regulating the immune system may reduce the risk of stroke.
“This opens up great therapeutic potential,” said Nowakowski.
The possibilities extend beyond stroke. This map is useful for investigating neurovascular diseases, including one of the most common dementias.
“Many forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, appear to support blood vessels,” Lim said. “We need such an atlas to better understand how changes in the vascular system contribute to cognitive and memory loss.”
“This study is a truly beautiful collaboration between surgeon scientists and molecular biologists, where there is incredible access to clinical specimens,” Lim said. “That’s why the Weil Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, San Francisco is so special.”
Although not many institutions have access to all of these critical resources, Lim added that they have access to the dataset for this study. Nowakowski believes that this information will enable researchers around the world to perform much cheaper analyzes on large numbers of patients. This is the only way to get a complete picture of how vascular disease works.
“Understanding cells and cerebrovascular disease in cells Molecular level It will take the work of many researchers in a new direction. ”
Cell “Periodic Table”
The team’s research contributes to Human CellAtlas, an international effort to create whole-body cell reference maps.
Nowakowski has described these atlases as “Periodic table The Human Cell Atlas is the location of cells in the body and theirs so that the Periodic Table of Chemistry organizes elements into structures and chemists can draw relationships between them based on where they appear in the table. Reveals the resulting interactions between.
Much work has been done around the world to generate these atlases of different organs and tissues, many of which only map the geographic location of cells. The comparison of normal and abnormal cells in this study takes it to a higher level and provides very sophisticated guidance for drug development.
“Our research really shows how cell atlas can be used,” says Nowakowski. “You can refer to our” Periodic Table “to start asking which cells do not work with the disease and target them very accurately. cell For treatment. ”
Ethan A. Winkler et al, a single-cell atlas of the normal and malformed human cerebrovascular system, Chemistry (2022). DOI: 10.1126 / science.abi7377.. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi7377
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University of California, San Francisco
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The “cell atlas” of the cerebrovascular system connects stroke with new immune cells
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