http://wso.sagepub.com/content/11/5/575.abstract
- Anjali Nagpal1
- Karlea L Kremer1
- Monica A Hamilton-Bruce2,3
- Xenia Kaidonis1
- Austin G Milton2
- Christopher Levi4
- Songtao Shi5
- Leeanne Carey6,7
- Susan Hillier8
- Miranda Rose7
- Andrew Zacest9
- Parabjit Takhar10
- Simon A Koblar3,11⇑
- 1School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia
- 2Neurology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
- 3School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- 4Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- 5School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- 6Neurorehabilitation and Recovery research group, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 7School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- 8Health Sciences Divisional Office School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
- 10Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
- 11SAHMRI & Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
- Simon A Koblar, Stroke Research Programme, SAHMRI & School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, South Australia. Email: simon.koblar@adelaide.edu.au
Abstract
Rationale Stroke
represents a significant global disease burden. As of 2015, there is no
chemical or biological therapy proven to actively
enhance neurological recovery during the chronic
phase post-stroke. Globally, cell-based therapy in stroke is at the
stage
of clinical translation and may improve
neurological function through various mechanisms such as neural
replacement, neuroprotection,
angiogenesis, immuno-modulation, and
neuroplasticity. Preclinical evidence in a rodent model of middle
cerebral artery ischemic
stroke as reported in four independent studies
indicates improvement in neurobehavioral function with adult human
dental pulp
stem cell therapy. Human adult dental pulp stem
cells present an exciting potential therapeutic option for improving
post-stroke
disability.
Aims TOOTH (The Open study Of dental pulp stem cell Therapy in Humans)
will investigate the use of autologous stem cell therapy for stroke
survivors with chronic disability, with the following
objectives: (a) determine the maximum tolerable
dose of autologous dental pulp stem cell therapy; (b) define that dental
pulp
stem cell therapy at the maximum tolerable dose
is safe and feasible in chronic stroke; and (c) estimate the parameters
of
efficacy required to design a future Phase 2/3
clinical trial.
Methods and design
TOOTH is a Phase 1, open-label, single-blinded clinical trial with a
pragmatic design that comprises three stages: Stage
1 will involve the selection of 27 participants
with middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke and the commencement of
autologous
dental pulp stem cell isolation, growth, and
testing in sequential cohorts (n = 3). Stage 2 will involve the
transplantation
of dental pulp stem cell in each cohort of
participants with an ascending dose and subsequent observation for a
6-month period
for any dental pulp stem cell-related adverse
events. Stage 3 will investigate the neurosurgical intervention of the
maximum
tolerable dose of autologous dental pulp stem
cell followed by 9 weeks of intensive task-specific rehabilitation.
Advanced
magnetic resonance and positron emission
tomography neuro-imaging, and clinical assessment will be employed to
probe any change
afforded by stem cell therapy in combination
with rehabilitation.
Sample size estimates
Nine participants will step-wise progress in Stage 2 to a dose of up to
10 million dental pulp stem cell, employing a cumulative
3 + 3 statistical design with low starting stem
cell dose and subsequent dose escalation, assuming that an acceptable
probability
of dose-limiting complications is between 1 in 6
(17%) and 1 in 3 (33%) of patients. In Stage 3, another 18 participants
will
receive an intracranial injection with the
maximum tolerable dose of dental pulp stem cell.
Outcomes The primary
outcomes to be measured are safety and feasibility of intracranial
administration of autologous human adult DPSC
in patients with chronic stroke and
determination of the maximum tolerable dose in human subjects. Secondary
outcomes include
estimation of the measures of effectiveness
required to design a future Phase 2/3 clinical trial.
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