Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality: UK Biobank cohort study of 479 054 men and women

All the more reason you need to demand your doctor have protocols that get you 100% recovered. NO EXCUSES ALLOWED!
http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2018/03/16/heartjnl-2017-312663 
 
PDF
Original research article
Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality: UK Biobank cohort study of 479 054 men and women
  1. Christian Hakulinen1,2,
  2. Laura Pulkki-Råback1,
  3. Marianna Virtanen3,4,
  4. Markus Jokela1,
  5. Mika Kivimäki5,6,
  6. Marko Elovainio1,2

Author affiliations

Abstract

Objective To examine whether social isolation and loneliness (1) predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke among those with no history of AMI or stroke, (2) are related to mortality risk among those with a history of AMI or stroke, and (3) the extent to which these associations are explained by known risk factors or pre-existing chronic conditions.
Methods Participants were 479 054 individuals from the UK Biobank. The exposures were self-reported social isolation and loneliness. AMI, stroke and mortality were the outcomes.
Results Over 7.1 years, 5731 had first AMI, and 3471 had first stroke. In model adjusted for demographics, social isolation was associated with higher risk of AMI (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.3 to –1.55) and stroke (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.54). When adjusted for all the other risk factors, the HR for AMI was attenuated by 84% to 1.07 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.16) and the HR for stroke was attenuated by 83% to 1.06 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.19). Loneliness was associated with higher risk of AMI before (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.64) but attenuated considerably with adjustments (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.17). This was also the case for stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.55 before and HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.19 after adjustments). Social isolation, but not loneliness, was associated with increased mortality in participants with a history of AMI (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) or stroke (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61) in the fully adjusted model.
Conclusions Isolated and lonely persons are at increased risk of AMI and stroke, and, among those with a history of AMI or stroke, increased risk of death. Most of this risk was explained by conventional risk factors.


Introduction

Individuals who are socially isolated (ie, are lacking social contacts and participation in social activities) or feel lonely (ie, feel that they have too few social contacts or are not satisfied with the quality of their social contacts) have been found to be at increased risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD),1 stroke2 and early mortality.3–7 A recent meta-analysis—including 11 longitudinal studies on cardiovascular disease and 8 on stroke—suggested that social isolation and loneliness are associated with 30% excess risk of incident CHD and stroke.8 However, most of the studies were small in scale, with only one study reporting more than 1000 events,1 and meta-analytic evidence suggests selective publishing of positive findings.8 Furthermore, only a limited set of potential explanatory factors have been examined in previous studies and mortality after incident CHD or stroke remains unexplored. Thus, it remains unclear whether these associations are independent of biological, behavioural, psychological, health and socioeconomic factors9–11 that are known to increase risk of cardiovascular diseases.12 13 In addition, although other risk factors, such as physical inactivity14 and depression,15 have been associated with poorer outcomes among individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, it remains unclear whether socially isolated or lonely individuals have an elevated risk of early mortality after cardiovascular disease event.
In this analysis using the UK Biobank study, a very large prospective population-based cohort study, we examined the associations of social isolation and loneliness with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and first stroke. In addition, we examined whether social isolation and loneliness before AMI or stroke event are associated with mortality risk after the event. A broad range of biological, behavioural, psychological, socioeconomic and mental health-related factors were included as potential mediators or confounders of these associations.

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